This study compares the representativeness of voters in the proportional electoral system with the situation under plurality rule. Representativeness is commonly measured by comparing parties’ received votes with their shares of seats in the Parliament; this implies that proportional rule should always better represent voters. A coalition within the Parliament, however, rules the country withou...

A mathematical model of Athenian democracy (594–322 BC) is considered. Indicators of popularity, universality, and goodness are introduced to evaluate single political leaders, the Assembly, the Council of 500, and magistrates. The popularity is a spatial characteristic of representativeness, the average percentage of the population whose opinion is represented on a number of questions. The uni...

The relationship between local government structure and expenditure has received considerable attention, yet there is little consensus on how the features of representative government affect local expenditure decisions. The sole exception is city council size, which has consistently been found to have a positive and significant impact on expenditure. Previous results rely on cross-sectional est...

The article is devoted to the coverage of historical prerequisites formation modern model administrative justice in France at end XVIII–XIX centuries. place and role constitutions centuries are characterized. Napoleon Bonaparte's state-legal reforms their influence on development analyzed. process State Councils, structure functions XIX century shown. Considerable attention paid highlighting po...

From the treatment that has been given to role of motion confidence-no-confidence as a means controlling parliament in relation government and its effects are produced inauguration or dissolution assembly announcement early elections, efforts have made underline characteristics this control, especially countries with parliamentary system, consequences it produces continuation shortening governi...

The Regional Representative Council (DPD) was established to incorporate regional interests in national policy order preserve cohesion. On its voyage, however, it has become apparent that the functions and authorities of DPD as outlined Article 22 D UUD Constitution 1945, amended, make difficult accomplish DPD’s goals objectives. mismatch between concept forming a final result articulation auth...

One of the most prominent features of environmental politics in Greece has been the weakness of Green political organisations (Weale et al. 2000, p. 252). The first serious Green electoral bid occurred in 1989. Helped by proportional representation and widespread discontent with the established parties (Karamichas and Botetzagias 2003, p. 73), the Ecologist Alternatives participated in the Nove...