Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection design for high-speed input/output (I/O) interface circuits in a 130-nm CMOS process is presented in this paper. First, the ESD protection diodes with different dimensions were designed and fabricated to evaluate their ESD levels and parasitic effects in gigahertz frequency band. With the knowledge of the dependence of device dimensions on ESD robustness...

Skin Effect Figure 1 shows the magnetic field (flux lines) in and around a conductor carrying dc or low frequency current I. The field is radially symmetrical, as shown, only if the return current with its associated field is at a great distance. At low frequency, the energy in the magnetic field is trivial compared to the energy loss in the resistance of the wire. Hence the current Introductio...

In this paper we brefly describe an experimental study of the role of the parasitic transistor on the charge generation phenomenon observed during the impact of heavy ions on medium voltage power MOSFET [1-5]. We observed that new generation power MOSFETs reveal, during single event impact, a premature damage of the gate structure before a typical burnout occurrence. The damage is related to th...

In this paper the transfer function of a system with windowed current integration is discussed. This kind of integration is usually used in a sampling mixer and the current is generated by a transconductance amplifier (TA). The parasitic capacitance (Cp) and the output resistance of the TA (Ro,TA) before the sampling mixer heavily affect the performance. Calculations based on a model including ...

BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is one of the six most common parasitic infections in the tropical regions. There are different therapeutic modalities, however therapeutic resistance is developed and resulted in numerous problems. Therefore, evaluation of other therapeutic modalities is performed extensively. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to compare the therapeutic response of cutaneous leishma...

Saddle-node bifurcation occurs in a boost converter when parasitic inductor resistance is modeled. Closed-form critical conditions of the bifurcation are derived. If the parasitic inductor resistance is modeled, the saddle-node bifurcation occurs in the voltage mode control or in the current mode control with the voltage loop closed, but not in the current mode control with the voltage loop ope...