We make clear why virtual currencies are of interest, how self-regulation has failed, and what useful lessons can be learned. Finally, we produce useful and semi-permanent findings into the usefulness of virtual currencies in general, blockchains as a means of mining currency, and the profundity of Bitcoin as compared with the development of block chain technologies. We conclude that though Bit...

The classical technical analysis methods of financial time series based on the moving average and momentum is recalled. Illustrations use the IBM share price and Latin American (Argentinian MerVal, Brazilian Bovespa and Mexican IPC) market indices. We have also searched for scaling ranges and exponents in exchange rates between Latin American currencies (ARS, CLP , MXP ) and other major currenc...

The features of a new global economy appear stronger and faster than the changes recorded by throughout history, “Covid-19” pandemic has accelerated these transformations, achieving on ground experience to deal with digital payment via credit cards use online applications, it marks beginning end era paper currencies. And trend towards investing in crypto currencies part investors, conjunction c...

With the rise of Bitcoin and other virtual currencies, it has become crucial for government regulatory bodies to catch up. Black market sites like the now-defunct Silk Road have continued to exploit the anonymity of Bitcoin to engage in illegal transactions. In order to identify criminal Bitcoin users, the government must respond with an updated criminal subpoena standard that addresses virtual...

We describe a new replicated-object protocol designed for use in mobile and weakly-connected environments. The protocol differs from previous protocols in combining epidemic information propagation with voting, and in using fixed per-object currencies for voting. The advantage of epidemic protocols is that data movement only requires pair-wise communication. Hence, there is no need for a majori...

The humanitarian sector has gone through a major shift toward injection of cash into vulnerable communities as its core modality. On this trajectory direct currency injection, something new happened: namely the empowerment to create their own local currencies, tool known Complementary Currency systems. This study mobilizes concepts endogenous regional development, import substitution and market...

The optimal design of a central bank digital currency (CBDC) is analyzed in an environment where agents sort into cash, CBDC, and deposits according to their preferences over anonymity security; network effects make the convenience payment instrument depend on number its users. A CBDC can be designed with attributes similar cash or deposits, interest bearing: that closely competes depresses cre...

Alternative currencies are means of payment that circulate alongside—as an alternative or complement to—official currencies. While these have existed for a long time, both society and academia shown renewed interest in their potential to decentralize the governance monetary affairs bring people organizations together more ethical sustainable ways. This article is review philosophical implicatio...