In an interferometer which uses a reference surface, the measured surface heights correspond to the difference between the test and reference surfaces. To accurately determine the rms roughness of supersmooth surfaces, the effects of the reference surface roughness need to be removed. One technique for doing this involves averaging a number of uncorrelated measurements of a mirror to generate a...

Maximal- and minimal-height distributions (MAHD, MIHD) of two-dimensional interfaces grown with the nonlinear equations of Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ, second order) and of Villain-Lai-Das Sarma (VLDS, fourth order) are shown to be different. Two universal curves may be MAHD or MIHD of each class depending on the sign of the relevant nonlinear term, which is confirmed by results of several lattice...

The use of height data to measure living standards is now a well-established method in the economic history literature. Moreover, a number of core findings are widely agreed upon. There are still some populations, places, and times, however, for which anthropometric evidence remains limited. One such example is 19th century African-Americans in the Northern US. Here, we use new data from the Oh...

Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures

2 Derived p-adic heights 2.1 Derived heights for cyclic groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2 Comparison of pairings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.3 Compatibility of the derived heights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.4 Derived p-adic heights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

The "wobble board" has been used for many years for the re-education of the musculature of the ankle and foot after injury. Varying heights of board have been used depending on the range of movement required at various stages of recovery but I have not seen, nor have some experienced colleagues seen, one where the height is adjustable. Such a device is here illustrated. It consists of a circula...

0. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 99 1. Intersections and heights ............................................................................................. 103 2. Kuga-Sato varieties and CM-cycles ............................................................................117 3. Heights of CM-cyc...