To achieve the United Nations Sustainable Goals (SDGs) by 2030, especially goal 2 (SDG-2) which is to “end hunger, sustainable food security, improved nutrition and promote agriculture” this study examines how innovation social inclusion affect security in West Africa. The applies system Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) on a panel data 15 African countries for period 2005–2018. result from G...

At present, China is in the historical intersection period of "two centenary" goals. The realization "carbon neutral" goal has brought new opportunities for development China's energy sector. Based on GMM estimation method dynamic panel model, this paper studies relationship between consumption and industrial output by using provincial data from years 2008 to 2018. results show that impact coal...

This paper develops a method for testing for the presence of a single structural break in dynamic panel data models with a multi-factor error structure. The test statistic is developed by combining a modified version of the GMM approach of Robertson and Sarafidis (2015) with the testing procedure of De Wachter and Tzavalis (2012). We focus on the case where N is large and T fixed. The asymptoti...

In this paper, we measure the performance for each of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation research centers by means of a Data Envelopment Analysis model. Performance data are available for a panel covering the period 2002–2009. The approach is instrumentalist, in the sense of Ramalho, Ramalho, and Henriques (2010). We investigate the effects on performance of contextual variable ind...

For the estimation of the parameters involved in a linear dynamic mixed model for panel data, it has been shown recently by Rao, Sutradhar, and Pandit (2012, Brazilian J. of Probability and Statistics, Vol. 26, 167–177) that the so-called generalized quasi-likelihood (GQL) approach produces more efficient regression estimates as compared to the generalized method of moments (GMM) approach. Thes...

This article presents one of the first large-sample empirical analyses of the impact of services on the business models (i.e. the financial performance) of product firms. We build upon existing and recent literature in technology management, economics, and service operations in order to propose and test hypotheses regarding the relationship between level of service revenues and operating profit...

The causality from outsourcing, defined as the procurement of inputs from outside the boundaries of the firm, to productivity is tested for a large panel of Irish manufacturing firms. Theory suggests that as firms outsource more ‘non-core’ activities to specialized providers, productivity due to the firm benefiting from cheaper or higher-quality inputs and from reallocation of resources towards...

Annotation. We manually segmented and annotated all the pages in our dataset. Each page was segmented into a set of panels. For each panel, we first manually label its shot type (i.e., long, medium, close-up, or big close-up) and segmented the foreground subjects and their corresponding balloons. Given a set of segmented panels across all the pages, we then partitioned the panels into three gro...