BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain (NP) is common in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. One of its manifestations is a lowering of pain perception threshold in quantitative thermal testing (QTT) in dermatomes rostral to the injury level. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with visual illusion (VI) improves pain in SCI patients. We studied whether pain relief with tDCS + VI interve...

1. Pain perception Bodily sensations, for instance pains, are often thought to pose insuperable difficulties for representational theories of consciousness. Chris is never one to dodge a problem, and chapter 6 of his splendid and instructive Consciousness is devoted to outlining a perceptual/representational theory of pain, in the tradition of Armstrong and Pitcher. Perceptual theories of pain ...

The gate control theory of pain, put forward by Ronald Melzack (a Canadian psychologist) and Patrick David Wall (a British physician) in 1962, and again in 1965, is the idea that the perception of physical pain is not a direct result of activation of nociceptors, but instead is modulated by interaction between different neurons, both pain-transmitting and non-pain-transmitting. The theory asser...

It is the goal of this paper to contribute to the conceptual understanding of pain. We specifically explore the relationship between pain and perception, surveying three philosophical works that define pain somehow or other in terms of perception. We critique this work and also explore some of its empirical implications. We briefly consider for each of these accounts how pain can be learned (or...

purpose : to investigate the sensations experienced by chinese patients during refractive surgery including the laser in situ keratomileusis (lasik), epi-lasik, and sub-bowman keratomileusis (sbk) techniques. a prospective, randomized, and self-matched clinical study was conducted. methods : the participants included 44 men and 58 women aged 16 to 47 years old (mean 24.3±0.6 years) who underwen...