Paddy field methanogenic archaea are responsible for methane (CH4) production and contribute significantly to climate change. The information regarding the spatial variations in the abundance, the diversity and the composition of such ecologically important microbes, however, is quite limited at large scale. In this investigation, we studied the abundance, alpha diversity and geographical distr...

In northern Japan, declines in soil nitrogen fertility have occurred in paddy–upland rotation systems with soybean cultivation. A six-year lysimeter experiment was conducted to evaluate the nitrogen budget in paddy–upland rotation (three-year for upland soybean, then three-year for flooded paddy rice) and to clarify the effect of preceding compost application (immature or mature compost over fo...

The present study investigates the concentration of Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, and Cu in the paddy field soils collected from Tumpat, Kelantan. Soil samples were treated with sequential extraction to distinguish the anthropogenic and lithogenic origin of Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, and Cu. ELFE and oxidizable-organic fractions were detected as the lowest accumulation of Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, and Cu. Therefore, all the heav...

We compared aquatic invertebrate diversity in paddy fields under traditional and modern management practices. We also examined the general factors that may be related to diversity within each paddy field. The Kitadan area was farmed with traditional management practices, with much longer periods of irrigations compared with the Kahoku area, which was farmed with modern agricultural practices us...

The in situ application of rice straw enhances CH4 emissions by a large margin. The ex situ application of rice straw in uplands, however, may mitigate total global warming potential (GWP) of CH4 and N2O emissions from paddy-upland coexisting systems. To evaluate the efficiency of this practice, two field trials were conducted in rice-rice-fallow and maize-rape cropping systems, respectively. Y...

The transcription patterns of [FeFe]-hydrogenase genes (hydA), which encode the enzymes responsible for H2 production, were investigated during rice straw decomposition in paddy soil using molecular biological techniques. Paddy soil amended with and without rice straw was incubated under anoxic conditions. RNA was extracted from the soil, and three clone libraries of hydA were constructed using...

The aim of the research was analysis of rural women’s role in paddy cultivation practices in Tonekabon Township. Research population was consisted of paddy farmers women in Tonekabon Township (N=14539), whose 130 ones were selected using Cochran’s formula. Data were gathered by cluster random sampling method. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire which its validity was confirme...

in order to study the gene actions and heritability of the physical and chemical characteristics associated with appearance and cooking quality of rice grain, generation mean analysis was performed using a cross between two iranian rice cultivars, deylamani and sepidroud, having different quality characters. seeds of the parental lines and f1, f2, bc1 and bc2 generations were grown in randomize...

abstractin this study, the tensile force requirement, to separate the grain paddy was measured. the velocities of grain paddy it 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mm/min, and force requirement to failure stem at 100, 300, and 500 mm/min velocities was measured by using instron device. the data was analyzed using a completely randomized design. the results showed that velocity had a significant effect...

There has been growing interest to develop forage rice as a new feed resource for livestock. This study was to characterize the natural population of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and select potentially excellent strains for paddy rice silage preparation in China. One hundred and twenty-six strains were isolated and screened from paddy rice silage prepared using a small-scale fermentation system, ...