The traveling salesperson or salesman problem (TSP) is a well known and important combinatorial optimization problem. The goal is to find the shortest tour that visits each city in a given list exactly once and then returns to the starting city. Despite this simple problem statement, solving the TSP is difficult since it belongs to the class of NP-complete problems. The importance of the TSP ar...

The Stochastic Eulerian Tour Problem was introduced in 2008 [1] as a stochastic variant of the well-known Eulerian Tour Problem. In a follow-up paper the same authors investigated some heuristics for solving the Stochastic Eulerian Tour Problem [2]. After a thorough study of these two publications a few issues emerged. In this short research commentary we would like to discuss these issues. For...

Standard tours combined with lack of information make many tourists miss some important experiences a destination has to offer. The target of the Dynamic Tour Guide (DTG) is to discover Tour Building Blocks (TBB), e.g. attractions like sights or restaurants, dependent on the actual context which is defined by personal interests, location and schedule of a tourist. It determines current informat...

The traveling salesperson (or, salesman) problem (TSP) is a well known and important combinatorial optimization problem. The goal is to find the shortest tour that visits each city in a given list exactly once and then returns to the starting city. Despite this simple problem statement, solving the TSP is difficult since it belongs to the class of NP-complete problems. The importance of the TSP...

This paper considers a tourism supply chain (TSC) for package holidays. Three sectors are included: a theme park, hotel and accommodation providers and tour operators. The different sectors are coordinated with each other, while enterprises within each compete in order to optimize their own objectives. This research studies the impacts of competitive and cooperative relationships between the en...

Dynamic pricing is a widely employed strategy for goods and services in which firms flexibly set prices, taking into account factors such as current market conditions. This paper studies the role this plays explaining exchange rate pass-through context of package tour prices. We provide theoretical model that illustrates how foreign producers domestic retailers adjust prices to fluctuations thr...

From its initial inception in 1903 as a race premised on a publicity stunt to sell newspapers, the Tour de France had grown and evolved over time to become one of the most difficult and heralded sporting events in the world. Though sporting science and the Tour paralleled each other, it was not until the midlate 1980s, and especially the midlate 1990s (with the use of heart-rate monitors) that ...