PURPOSE The current studies were conducted to determine whether the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p21Cip1 (p21 cyclin-dependent kinase-interacting protein 1) and p16INK4a (p16 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A), help mediate G(1)-phase inhibition in human corneal endothelial cells (HCEC) by testing the effect of siRNA (small interfering RNA)-mediated down-regulation of the expression o...

BACKGROUND Hyperplastic polyps (HP) and sessile serrated adenomas (SSA) share morphological similarities. In this immunohistochemical study we chose a panel of potential relevant and promising biomarkers including α-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase (AMACR; p504s), which is involved in the degradation of branched chained fatty acids derivates, and analysed a cohort of HPs and SSAs in order to iden...

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer among women and is more common in developing countries such as India, due to lack of good screening tests. The efficacy of the Pap smear is hampered by high inter-observer variability and high false positive and false negative rates. Liquid based cytology has not been shown to improve sensitivity or specificity when compared to Pap s...

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to standardize the quantification of protein expression of p16INK4a in cervical biopsies using computational method, and to compare it with methods used previously, as well as with HPV viral subtypes, aiming to establish an methodology for cervical biopsies. Material and Methods: Fifty-eight cases of Pap slides and cervical biopsies were selected. The...

INTRODUCTION p16 INK4a is a cyclin–dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor that inhibits cyclin dependent kinase 4 and 6, product of the INK4a gene, involved in the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (pRB). HPV E7 oncoprotein binds specifically to pRB (inactivation of Prb). PRB inhibits transcription of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor gene p16INK4a. The inactivation of pRB leads to en...

The objective of this study was to identify the frequency of coinfection by human papillomavirus (HPV) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) in cervical lesions and relate it with immunohistochemical expression of p16INK4a and Ki67, both oncogenicity markers. A cross-sectional study with 86 women from primary care units in southern Brazil was conducted. Cervical swabs were collected for HPV-DNA and CT...

Cellular senescence is a defense mechanism in response to molecular damage which accumulates with aging. Correspondingly, the number of senescent cells has been reported to be greater in older than in younger subjects and furthermore associates with age-related pathologies. Inter-individual differences exist in the rate at which a person ages (biological age). Here, we studied whether younger b...

OBJECTIVE to evaluate the influence of Ki-67 and P16INK4a proteins immunohistochemical expressions on the clinical and morphological parameters of perioral squamous cell carcinoma induced with 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA) in mice. METHODS we topically induced the lesions in the oral commissure of ten Swiss mice for 20 weeks, determining the time to tumors onset and the average tumo...

Telomere damage resulting from telomere shortening can potentially suppress tumorigenesis by permanently arresting or eliminating incipient cancer cells. Dysfunctional telomeres activate the canonical DNA damage response pathway, resulting in a p53-mediated G(1)/S arrest and senescence or apoptosis. Experimental induction of telomere damage through inhibition of the telomeric protein TRF2 recap...