Shoulder pain is common in team handball; however, many continue playing. The purpose was to investigate whether a functional fatigue protocol (FFP) containing repeated sub and maximal standing throws affects throwing performance, upper body kinematics, muscle peak activation (MPA) the effect different between players playing with or no pain. Thirty female elite handball performed five before a...

The purpose of this study was to establish validity and reliability evidence for the medicine ball throw test for kindergarten students, an underrepresented group in the literature. The subjects were 105 students, 5-7 years old, BMI 17.44 +/- 3.17 kg x m(-2), 43% female and 57% male. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to examine reliability, and Pearson correlation coefficient...

Bingham, Schmidt, & Rosenblum, (1989) showed that people are able to select, by hefting balls, the optimal weight for each size ball to be thrown farthest. We now investigate function learning and smart mechanisms as hypotheses about how this affordance is perceived. Twenty-four unskilled adult throwers learned to throw by practicing with a subset of balls that would only allow acquisition of t...

41 To characterise rugby union lineout throwing technique, three experienced 42 male rugby players performed throwing trials under varying conditions of 43 distance and trajectory. Motion analysis permitted the recovery of joint centre 44 coordinates at 120 Hz and the construction of a three-dimensional linked 45 segment model for calculation of joint angle and centre of mass time histories. 46...

A classic problem of the motion a projectile thrown at an angle to horizon is studied. Air resistance force taken into account with use quadratic law. The action wind also account, which considered constant and horizontal (tailwind or headwind). velocity hodograph equation used take effect wind. Comparatively simple analytical approximations are proposed for main variables (cartesian coordinate...

In this paper we describe how a robotic arm can acquire new skills, and specifically how to play beer pong. We used two different optimization algorithms are described and applied to teach a robot how to play the game beer pong. The first algorithm is the gradient based finite difference method. The second one is the expectation maximization algorithm PoWER. Their performance, consisting of bot...

Vision provides us with much information about distal spaces, and enables us to formulate expectations about how objects move. In this work, we consider how images, together with motor and performance data, can be used to form ”maps” or a holistic view of any motion. For example if the learner knows how to throw a ball, it may be able to use the map to see that it also applies to kicking, or ca...

Spheroids are ball-shaped stone objects found in African archaeological sites dating from 1.8 million years ago (Early Stone Age) to at least 70,000 years ago (Middle Stone Age). Spheroids are either fabricated or naturally shaped stones selected and transported to places of use making them one of the longest-used technologies on record. Most hypotheses about their use suggest they were percuss...