The implantation of programs which gives a robot the ability to perform a non-repetitive task (task not completely de®ned called also unexpected), was hindered by a complex problem: the dif®culty met by the classical method in programming (procedural) to formulate a task which the evolution model does not obey to an algorithmic pre-established design. As a part of that the aim of this paper is ...

BACKGROUND The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) randomized 4444 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and serum cholesterol 5.5 to 8.0 mmol/L (213 to 310 mg/dL) with triglycerides < or =2.5 mmol/L (220 mg/dL) to simvastatin 20 to 40 mg or placebo once daily. Over the median follow-up period of 5.4 years, one or more major coronary events (MCEs) occurred in 622 (28%) of the 2223...

BACKGROUND Zinc is an essential micronutrient with diverse biological roles in cell growth, apoptosis and metabolism, and in the regulation of endocrine, immune, and neuronal functions implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. This study sought to quantitatively summarize the clinical data comparing peripheral blood zinc concentrations between depressed and nondepressed subjects. METHO...

Background. Acupuncture has been shown to reduce preoperative anxiety in several previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs). In order to assess the preoperative anxiolytic efficacy of acupuncture therapy, this study conducted a meta-analysis of an array of appropriate studies. Methods. Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and CINAHL) were searched up to February 2014. In the m...

We introduce the notion of stateless multihead two-way (respectively, oneway) NFAs and stateless multicounter systems and relate them to P systems and vector addition systems. In particular, we investigate the decidability of the emptiness and reachability problems for these stateless automata and show that the results are applicable to similar questions concerning certain variants of P systems...

Energy plays an important role in many theoretical computational models. In this paper we review some results we have obtained in the last few years concerning the computational power of two variants of P systems that manipulate energy while performing their computations: energy-based and UREM P systems. In the former, a fixed amount of energy is associated to each object, and the rules transfo...

This paper describes a series of small universal Petri nets with inhibitor arcs. Four parameters of descriptional complexity are considered: the number of places, transitions, inhibitor arcs, and the maximal degree of a transition. A number of techniques for reducing the values of these parameters, with special attention on places, are presented: we describe strongly universal Petri nets with 3...

In the standard definition of a P system, a computation step consists of a parallel application of a “maximal” set of nondeterministically chosen rules. Referring to this system as a parallel P system, we consider in this paper a sequential P system, in which each step consists of an application of a single nondeterministically chosen rule. We show the following: 1. For 1-membrane catalytic sys...

We measured air broadening in the (30012) ← (00001) carbon dioxide (CO2) band up to Jʺ = 50 using frequency-agile rapid scanning cavity ring-down spectroscopy. By synthetic samples with varying levels of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon, multi-spectrum fitting allowed for collisional terms each major component be simultaneously determined addition advanced line shape parameters at atmospherically re...