PURPOSE The effects of creatine supplementation on muscle metabolism and exercise performance during a simulated endurance road race was investigated. METHODS Twelve adult male (27.3 +/- 1.0 yr, 178.6 +/- 1.4 cm, 78.0 +/- 2.5 kg, 8.9 +/- 1.1 %fat) endurance-trained (53.3 +/- 2.0 ml* kg-1* min-1, cycling ~160 km/wk) cyclists completed a simulated road race on a cycle ergometer (Lode), consisti...

Iron is essential to erythrocyte oxygen transport and is a catalyst for oxidative metabolism in all cells. Iron is absorbed by the duodenum and requires an acidic environment for optimal absorption. Iron is found for 70% in erythrocytes, and 30% in storage, and a small amount in myoglobin and cytochromes. Iron supplementation reduces anemia in breastfed infants and increases in significant dose...

BACKGROUND Regular moderate intensity physical activity and lipid lowering effects of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) supplementation may be appropriate management for sedentary overweight females. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the effects of long-term N. sativa supplementation and aerobic training on lipid profile and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) in sedentary overwe...

Over the past 15 years, several randomized controlled trials, long-term follow-up studies, meta-analyses, and editorials have been published in regard to the effect of a high fraction of inspired oxygen concentration (FiO(2)) during the perioperative period on the incidence of surgical site infections. Although the evidence is not uniformly favorable for all types of surgeries, a beneficial ass...