background chronic rhinosinusitis is an inflammatory-infectious disease involved paranasal sinuses as a common site of microbial pathogens and infections in patients suffering from the disease. the disease is labeled chronic when it lasts for more than 12 weeks. objectives as these infections constitute an important cause of morbidity it can be a strong life-threatening factor, in this investig...

Background: In aquatic environments, microbial biofilms are hot spots of diversity, as well a substrate for larval settlement many invertebrate species. Examining the functional diversity microorganisms in polar regions is new and still unknown field microbiology, that attracting increasing interest its significance both scientific research resources exploitation. The context purpose study: fra...

Microscopic discrimination between extracellular and invasive, intracellular bacteria is a valuable technique in microbiology and immunology. We describe a novel fluorescence staining protocol, called FITC-biotin-avidin (FBA) staining, which allows the differentiation between extracellular and intracellular bacteria and is independent of specific antibodies directed against the microorganisms. ...

An important diagnostic muscle biopsy finding in patients with mitochondrial DNA disease is the presence of respiratory-chain deficient fibres. These fibres are detected as cytochrome c oxidase-deficient following a sequential cytochrome c oxidase-succinate dehydrogenase reaction, often in a mosaic pattern within a population of cytochrome c oxidase-normal fibres. Detailed analysis of muscle bi...

Comamonas testosteroni is a gram-negative, non-glucose fermenting, oxidase positive, motile bacillus. It accepted as low-virulent microorganism and rarely causes infections in humans. Survival at low nutrient conditions, ability to acquire resistance genes already found virulence factors make C. potential candidate be dangerous infectious agent, especially patients with predisposing factors. We...

Gram-negative cell walls are strong enough to withstand ;3 atm of turgor pressure (40), tough enough to endure extreme temperatures and pHs (e.g., Thiobacillus ferrooxidans grows at a pH of '1.5) and elastic enough to be capable of expanding several times their normal surface area (41). Strong, tough, and elastic . . . the gram-negative cell wall is a remarkable structure which protects the con...

Dark blue rings and circles emerged when the non-specific polysaccharide stain lactophenol cotton blue was added to Gram stained slides. The dark blue staining is attributable to the presence of capsular polysaccharides and bacterial slime associated with clumps of Gram-negative bacteria. Since all bacterial cells are glycosylated and concentrate polysaccharides from the media, the majority of...

Gemella morbillorum and Gemella haemolysans are opportunistic pathogens which cause endocarditis and other severe infections. We report on three patients with endocarditis, one with endocarditis caused by G. haemolysans and two with endocarditis caused by G. morbillorum. The paucity of reports concerning these bacteria is probably related to the difficulties associated with their identification...

abstract bacterial blight of rice, causes by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae , is one of the most devastating disease of rice after blast disease. during the spring and summer of 2005-2006 different paddy fields in guilan province (roodsar, langrud, lahijan, rasht, anzali, fooman, soomeesara and roodbar) were surveyed and samples were collected from rices showing blight and yellowing in leaves. t...