The responses of North Pacific intermediate and deep water ventilation and ocean biogeochemical properties to northern North Atlantic glacial freshwater perturbations are evaluated with a coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model MIROC and an earth system model of intermediate complexity LOVECLIM. When the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is weakened as a result of th...

Deep ocean circulation may be a significant factor in determining climate. Here, we describe two long, fully coupled atmosphere-ocean simulations with the NCAR Climate System Model (CSM) for the late Cretaceous (80 Ma). Our results suggest that higher levels of atmospheric CO2 and the altered paleogeography of the late Cretaceous resulted in a surface ocean state temperature, salinity, and circ...

The Younger Dryas cold interval represents a time when much of the Northern Hemisphere cooled from approximately 12.9 to 11.5 kiloyears B.P. The cause of this event, which has long been viewed as the canonical example of abrupt climate change, was initially attributed to the routing of freshwater to the St. Lawrence River with an attendant reduction in Atlantic meridional overturning circulatio...

[1] The Younger Dryas cold period, which interrupted the transition from the last ice age to modern conditions in Greenland, is one of the most dramatic incidents of abrupt climate change reconstructed from paleoclimate proxy records. Changes in the Atlantic Ocean overturning circulation in response to freshwater fluxes from melting ice are frequently invoked to explain this and other past clim...

[1] Deep-ocean circulation may be a significant factor in determining climate. Here, we describe two long, fully coupled atmosphere-ocean simulations with the National Center for Atmospheric Research Climate System Model for the Late Cretaceous (80 Ma). Our results suggest that higher levels of atmospheric CO2 and the altered paleogeography of the Late Cretaceous resulted in a surface ocean sta...

A regional general circulation model (GCM) of the Indian Ocean is used to investigate the influence of prescribed diapycnal diffusivity (Kd) on quasi-steady states of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC). The model has open boundaries at 35°S and 123°E where velocity, temperature, and salinity are prescribed at each time step. The results suggest that quasi-steady overturning states in ...

With data from 12 coupled models in the 4th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-AR4), climate under year 2000 greenhouse gas (GHG) + aerosol forcing was compared with climate under pre-industrial conditions. In the tropical Pacific, the warming in the mean sea surface temperatures (SST) was found to have an El Niño-like pattern, while both the equatorial zon...

Experiments with the coupled climate model CLIMBER-3a, which contains an oceanic general circulation model, show deep upwelling in the Southern Ocean to be proportional to the surface wind stress in the latitudinal band of Drake Passage. At the same time, the distribution of the Southern Ocean upwelling onto the oceanic basins is controlled by buoyancy distribution; the inflow into each basin b...

[1] We explore the potential predictability of rapid changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) using a coupled global climate model (HadCM3). Rapid changes in the temperature and salinity of surface water in the Nordic Seas, and the flow of dense water through Denmark Strait, are found to be precursors to rapid changes in the model’s MOC, with a lead time of around 10 yea...

The distribution of stiffness, strength, and mass in both vertical horizontal orientations affects how well a high rise structure performs during powerful earthquake events. A building is considered irregular if there difference between the adjoining storeys. performance behavior regular G+10 reinforced concrete (RC) buildings under seismic loading are main topics current study. In this study, ...