This paper examines the incentive effects of different payoff structures in the National Hockey League. A rule change prior to the 1999-2000 season, which changed the way that teams were awarded points in overtime games, provides a natural experiment to test the reaction of teams to a change in the payoff structure. The rule change had the desired effect of increasing excitement during overtime...

In Ontario, the unpredictable funding climate of the 1990s led health care organizations to look for ways to reduce costs. Adopting a just-in-time staffing policy, they employed fewer full-time workers, scheduled part-time workers to work regular shifts, took on more casual staff, and became increasingly reliant on agency nurses and overtime to cover shifts. These policies resulted in higher co...

AIMS To examine the association between overtime work and incident coronary heart disease (CHD) among middle-aged employees. METHODS AND RESULTS Six thousand and fourteen British civil servants (4262 men and 1752 women), aged 39-61 years who were free from CHD and worked full time at baseline (1991-1994), were followed until 2002-2004, an average of 11 years. The outcome measure was incident ...

BACKGROUND In Australia a persistent and sizable gender wage gap exists. In recent years this gap has been steadily widening. The negative impact of gender wage differentials is the disincentive to work more hours. This implies a substantial cost on the Australian health sector. This study aimed to identify the magnitude of gender wage differentials within the health sector. The investigation a...

We consider a manufacturer that must fill stochastic demand. When shortages occur, the manufacturer may choose to meet the unmet demand with overtime production and/or by premium freight shipments. We derive optimal production policies for regular and overtime production and discuss the tradeoffs involved.

Anxiety is a feeling of worry and excessive concern against obscure danger about inner or outer threat, which occur in form of ambiguous fear. It finally causes physical problem and impairs social and occupational functions. Anxiety is the most common mental disorder. Nursing totally is a difficult job and because of their working environmental and activity, they always encountering with damage...

The COVID-19 pandemic, countries' responses, and the disruptions of supply chain have all had a significant impact on worker employment income. Enterprises are required to reduce employee hours in order maintain productivity, yet many forced close their busineses. Because low starting compensation, industrial park workers rely heavily overtime. Workers lose relatively large amount revenue due d...

BACKGROUND Truck driver sleepiness is a primary cause of vehicle accidents. Several causes are associated with sleepiness in truck drivers. Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with sleep disorders and with primary risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We analyzed the relationship between these conditions and prevalence of sleepiness in truck drivers. METHODS We anal...