During the operation of overhead conductors, conductors are corroded to varying degrees by smoke and dust, harmful gases from factories around lines, or in corrosive salt fog atmosphere coastal island areas, as well humid hot weather conditions. In this paper, through study corrosion mechanism conductor, types analyzed, factors leading process analyzed selecting steel cored aluminum stranded wi...

Shortest path can be computed in real-time for single navigational instructions. However, complex optimisation tasks, lots of travel-distances (lengths shortest paths) are needed and the total workload becomes a burden. We present fast method estimating travel-distance from one location to another by using an overhead graph that stores ratio between bird-distance few representative locations. T...

A major problem in low-latency Audio over IP transmission is the unpredictable impact of the underlying network, leading to jitter and packet loss. Typically, error concealment strategies are employed at the receiver to counteract audible artifacts produced by missing audio data resulting from the mentioned network characteristics. Known concealment methods tend to achieve only unsatisfactory a...

Abstract. Broadcast Encryption allows a center to broadcast encrypted messages to a set of users so that only privileged users can decrypt them. In this paper, we propose an efficient broadcast encryption scheme based on the “Subset Difference” (SD) scheme. It reduces the transmission overhead by 50 percent while the storage overhead remains the same but the computational overhead somewhat incr...