In this study, we introduce a new two-way relay channel and obtain an inner bound and an outer bound for the discrete and memoryless multiple access relay channels with receiver-source feedback via two-way relay channel in which end nodes exchange signals by a relay node. And we extend these results to the Gaussian case. By numerical computing, we show that our inner bound is the same with o...

Protection coordination for the microgrid system in both islanded and grid connected modes is considered a challenge operation. The variation short circuit currents each mode of operation, limitation protection curves relays, need fast reliable communication are main challenges tackled research. Direction overcurrent relays instrument microgrid. However, one setting (main backup) operation does...

Much attention has been paid to optimizing smart grids (SGs) and microgrids (MGs) protection schemes. The SGs’ operation in different operating modes (especially grid-connected islanded conditions) various system configurations (such as the outage of each distribution generations) adversely influence system. adaptive schemes using setting groups are suitable reliable solutions achieve a fast pr...

This paper reviews ground fault protection and detection methods for distribution systems. First, we review and compare medium-voltage distribution-system grounding methods. Next, we describe directional elements suitable to provide ground fault protection in solidlyand lowimpedance grounded distribution systems. We then analyze the behavior of ungrounded systems under ground fault conditions a...

Autotransformers (ATs) have been widely used for many years. For large size ATs, a tertiary winding is usually included. Sometimes the tertiary winding is loaded for station service, local loads, VAR compensation, etc. Other times, the tertiary winding is buried and acts as stabilizing winding which provides a path for zero-sequence current and 3rd harmonic current. Three-winding ATs present so...

One of the new technologies in generating power near distribution system is called distributed generation which has supportive and destructive characteristics to protection. increasing level fault current protective equipment that affects existing time intermission coordination overcurrent relay. In addition increment fault, it also alters radial nature cause bidirectional rather than unidirect...

Power system protection in electrical power engineering aims at eliminating a faulted part in an electric network from an otherwise healthy power system. Protection coordination involves a process of best timing any faulted currents so as to reduce the extension of outage areas to a minimum after a fault clearance. In the paper, innovative protection methods and devices widely based on computer...

This article provides a comprehensive review of optimal relay coordination (ORC) in distribution networks (DNs) that include distributed generators (DGs). The integration DGs into DNs has become real challenge for power system protection, as the flow changes from unidirectional to bidirectional, which complicates settings. introduction requires and modifications protective schemes maintain prop...

The protection system against disturbances in induction motors has an important role industry. In general, electrical installations only uses MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) and fuses which can protect overcurrent short circuits there are still many kinds of that have not been covered it even though along with technological developments electronic devices created. purpose this final project is ...