introduction:changes caused by grazing on range ecosystem are generally assessed based on the soil conditions and vegetation. livestock as one of the major elements in range land ecosystems has different effects on different parts of this ecosystem. one of these impacts is excessive livestock grazing capacity which can have different effects on soils and plants in various intensities. materials...

soil erosion in a given area depends on natural characteristics of the place as well as the rate of  human impact. in iran, the mediterranean precipitation regime and relatively high erosivity of rain, wide area of erodible soils/lithological formations, sparse natural vegetation in many regions and mountainous topography are main natural factors that affect soil erosion by water. accelerated s...

three grass species, agropyron desertorum (agde) and agropyron elongatum (agel) and recently, bromus tomentellus (brto) are mainly used for range improvement as mixed seeding in semi-arid areas of iran. because there is little information about management of these grasses, this study was conducted at the sisab research station in northern iran to evaluate their responses to grazing management a...

Wastewater recycling and reuse through agricultural irrigation can provide an economical means of preventing pollution of surface water sources, while conserving water resources and valuable nutrients for increased crop production and grazing pastures. With proper methods of wastewater treatment, health risks to farmers and farm animals as well as to the public who consume agricultural produce ...

protected areas are major tourism assets for a nation, particularly for developing countries providing sustainable benefit to the local community while funding for the maintenance and rehabilitation of the protected areas themselves. valley of flowers national park is naturally meant for the conservation and study of western himalayan flora. it became national park in 1982 and after that livest...

Rangelands are the most important ecosystem for carbon sequestration. Knowledge of plant response to grazing is one of important requirements for rangeland management. Stocking rate is one of main factors in destruction of the vegetation cover in rangeland ecosystems. Livestock grazing has the potential to substantially alter carbon storage in grassland ecosystem. This study examined the effect...