A technique based on x-ray diffraction (XRD) is introduced to understand the variation of the grain-to-grain ordering in FePt recording media. We classify the possible ways that the grains may be ordered into three types: homogeneous ordering, inhomogeneous ordering, and bipolar ordering. We study the possible impact of each type of ordering on the XRD spectra in terms of the relative angular p...

Certain inventory items are living organisms, for example livestock, and are therefore capable of growing during the replenishment cycle. These items often serve as various saleable food items downstream in supply chains. The purpose of this paper is to develop a lot sizing model for growing items if the supplier of the items offers incremental quantity discounts. A mathematical model is derive...

The semantic path ordering >spo is an ordering that allows to prove termination of term rewriting systems. Unlike other such orderings, it is not monotonic. We construct two monotonic suborderings >cspo, >mspo, of >spo. Both orderings rely on reasonable assumptions on the underlying semantic ordering, and mirror Kamin/Lévy’s termination proof method. Moreover, >mspo is shown to cover >spo up to...

There are many evidences that people tend to overweight low-probability events and underweight highprobability events. This risk attitude is generally expressed as an inverse-S shaped weighting function. This paper considers a risk-averse inventory manager who operates a continuous-review inventory system subject to supply disruption risk. Both Zero-Inventory-Order (ZIO) and Non-ZIO policies ar...

Many kinds of reorder point reorder quantity policies with an emergency order, in which we can decide when the expedited order point is reached and then we place an expedited replenishment order, have been presented in earlier contributions. Very few studies on cyclic inventory control with an emergency order, however, have been reported. The purpose of this paper is to establish some analytica...

We consider the joint pricing and inventory control problem for a single product with a finite horizon and periodic review. The demand distribution in each period is determined by an exogenous Markov chain. Pricing and ordering decisions are made at the beginning of each period and all shortages are backlogged. The surplus costs as well as fixed and variable costs are state dependent. We show t...

A joint replenishment problem is presented to determine the ordering policy for multiple items having a certain percentage of defective units. The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of the percentage of defective units on the ordering policy. Two different scenarios are presented for joint replenishment problem: (1) without price discount and (2) with price discount. For each scenario...

We propose the concept of a universal social ordering, defined on the set of pairs of an allocation and a preference profile of any finite population. It is meant to unify evaluations and comparisons of social states with populations of possibly different sizes with various characteristics. The universal social ordering not only evaluates policy options for a given population but also compares ...

– This paper derives a good approach to approximating the expected inventory level per unit time for the continuous review perishable inventory system. Three existing approximation approaches are examined and compared with the proposed approach. Three stockout cases, including the full backorder, the partial backorder, and the full lost sales cases, which customers or material users generally u...