Renal osteodystrophy is a universal complication of uremia. Renal failure patients are at risk for low bone mineral density (BMD) and fractures. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of uremic bone disease. Histomorphometric studies suggest that the maintenance of PTH levels between two and four times the upper limit of normal is associated with the lowest preval...

Osteitis fibrosa cystica (OFC) is a late sequela of untreated hyperparathyroidism caused by the autonomous secretion parathyroid hormone (PTH). It characterized bone pain, skeletal deformities, and pathological fractures. OFC hypersecretion PTH, leading to demineralization We report case unusual presentation in middle aged woman who noticed gradual shortening her height within particular period...

Pedal osteitis is a radiographic description of structural changes at the solar margin of the distal phalanx rather than a proven disease and cause of lameness. Little is known about the pathophysiologic mechanisms that cause the associated radiographic changes, and it is difficult to regard pedal osteitis as a primary disease. The radiographic changes leading to this descriptive designation ha...