Plasma colloid osmotic pressure was reduced by 76% (from 19.6 +/- 0.6 to 4.7 +/- 1.5 mm Hg) in five baboons while pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure was maintained at a normal level. This resulted in fluid retention, weight gain, peripheral edema and ascites, but no pulmonary edema. Thoracic duct lymph flow increased 6-fold and pulmonary lymph flow 7-fold. Thoracic duct lymph had a lower ...

In 1895 Starling (2) first showed that the colloid osmotic pressure of the serum was proportional to the concentration of protein in it. He advanced the theory that decreased osmotic pressure in the serum was responsible for the deposition of water in the tissues. Disagreeing with Starling, Martin Fischer (3) claimed that edema resulted from alteration of the hydrogen ion concentration of blood...

In an earlier paper2 we have reported results demonstrating that changing the concentrations of the carbon dioxide and oxygen with which the bloods of sheep and goats are equilibrated has a measurable effect on the total osmotic pressure of the true plasma. At constant oxygenation the osmotic pressure of the true plasma is increased 0.9 milliosmoles/Kg H20 for each millimole of C02/Kg H20 added...

The colloidal osmotic and hydrostatic pressure of chronic subdural hematomas were measured with a manometer in 35 patients. Manometric measurement showed an increase in the hematoma fluid cor responding to 5% of the total hematoma volume. The maximum colloidal osmotic pressure of the hematoma fluid, as measured with a transducer, was 23 ± 12 mmHg (mean ± standard deviation). Hemor...

A lab-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) was continuously operated to investigate the membrane fouling. A new membrane fouling mechanism: osmotic pressure mechanism in cake layer filtration process was identified. Osmotic pressure was proposed to stem from the retention of counter-ions in the matrix of biopolymers in cake layer. Through Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray pho...

The Pfeffer Zelle (Pfeffer Cell Apparatus), invented by Wilhelm Pfeffer [6] in 1877, measured the minimum pressure needed to prevent a pure solvent from passing into a solution across a semi-permeable membrane, called osmotic pressure. The apparatus provided Pfeffer with a way to quantitatively measure osmotic pressure. Pfeffer devised the apparatus in the 1870s at the University of Basel [7] i...

The movement of fluid and solutes across biological membranes facilitates the transport of nutrients for living organisms and maintains the fluid and osmotic pressures in biological systems. Understanding the pressure balances across membranes is crucial for studying fluid and electrolyte homeostasis in living systems, and is an area of active research. In this study, a set of enhanced Kedem-Ka...

Osmotic pressure and ion movements in and out of the vitreous space after open-sky vitrectomy were studied in the in vivo eyecup of rabbits. The osmotic pressure of several hypo-osmotic solutions rose over a period of time by the penetration of ions from the surrounding tissue; increases in the concentration of sodium, chloride, potassium, and calcium were documented. Appearance and disappearan...

STARLING (1894, 1896) described the basic forces responsible for producing fluid shifts between the circulating blood and the surrounding tissue spaces. On page 324 of his classical article entitled "On the absorption of fluids from the connective tissue spaces," Starling described how capillary pressure determines transudation into the tissues and the osmotic pressure of the proteins determine...

In the first experiment, osmotic pressure of semen and seminal plasma in a semen sample from each of the 20 mature Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls was determined. In the second experiment, effects of osmotic pressure on motility (%), plasma membrane integrity (%) and viability (%) in fresh and frozen-thawed semen samples from each of the seven mature Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls was determined. In the first...