Symptoms of orthostatic intolerance including syncope, dizziness and unexplained falls affect millions people worldwide, and may result in long-term disability. Syncope affects 35-45% of population [1-3], accounts for 1-3% of emergency visits and up to 6% of all hospitalizations [4]. The majority of syncope cases remain unexplained (37-50%) [5,6] although the known causes of syncope include ref...

The connection between orthostatic intolerance and chronic fatigue syndrome was first introduced in 1995. It was demonstrated that many patients with chronic fatigue syndrome also had some form of orthostatic intolerance. Some studies suggested that dysautonomia may be the common problem in patients with these syndromes. Although these conditions affect an important number of people, especially...

BACKGROUND Orthostatic tremor is an uncommon disorder manifest by high frequency, low amplitude leg tremor upon weight bearing. Treatment with oral tremor agents is inconsistent and usually not satisfactory. METHODS We implanted bilateral ventralis intermedius nuclei deep brain stimulators into an 82-year-old male with refractory orthostatic tremor. RESULTS The patient had a marked subjecti...

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak or shunt overdrainage is a well-known cause of orthostatic headaches and low CSF pressures. We report two cases of orthostatic headache with pneumocephalus on brain imaging. The orthostatic headache developed after drainage of spinal operation site and epidural block. Brain MRI revealed characteristic findings of CSF hypovolemia including pachymeningeal enhancemen...

Metastatic paragangliomas are rare tumours, which characteristically secrete high levels of catecholamines, thereby giving rise to symptoms such as headaches, palpitations and profuse sweating. Orthostatic hypotension also results from these types of tumours, however the aetiology of this remains unclear. Here we describe a 40 year old lady with metastatic paraganglioma whose initial diagnosis ...

A 46-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with mild right-sided hemiparesis and orthostatic hypotension. Magnetic resonance angiography of the neck showed stenosis of the left distal carotid sinus surrounded by intraluminal hyperintensities on both T1-weighted and T2-weighted images, representing a periluminal hematoma secondary to carotid artery dissection. The dissection hyper-extended...

Two patients who presented with symptoms due to orthostatic hypotension were found on examination to have the Holmes-Adie syndrome. Physiological investigation suggested that they both had an afferent block from baroreceptors in contrast to the efferent autonomic block found in most other cases of idiopathic orthostatic hypotension, including the cases of multisystem disease, now often called t...

1. The heart-rate changes on standing were studied in 16 elderly patients with idiopathic orthostatic hypotension and compared with those of 20 controls. The mean age of both groups was 78 years, and all were in sinus rhythm. 2. The patients with orthostatic hypotension differed from the control patients in having no early peak in heart rate, and a significantly smaller and slower rise in heart...

Orthostatic proteinuria is characterized by elevated levels of urinary protein excretion while in the upright or lordotic position and normal excretion when in the supine or recumbent position, such as that during bed rest. This type of proteinuria is the most frequent cause of isolated proteinuria in children and adolescents. In adolescents, the prevalence of orthostatic proteinuria is reporte...

Our aim was to determine whether the adaptation to simulated microgravity (microG) impairs regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) during orthostatic stress and contributes to orthostatic intolerance. Twelve healthy subjects (aged 24 +/- 5 yr) underwent 2 wk of -6 degrees head-down-tilt (HDT) bed rest to simulate hemodynamic changes that occur when humans are exposed to microG. CBF velocity in ...