To the Editorial Committee of the BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY SIRS,-It is the common experience of those surgeons who operate early on children with constant convergent squint of onset before the age of 2 years that, in those cases which they are able to follow up, if all the manifest obstacles to development of binocular vision are removed, a small proportion will attain full binocularity...

Introduction: This study reports a case series of orthoptic treatment (OT) for convergence insufficiency (CI) in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Method: We are reporting two cases of individuals with PD who completed OT for CI. Both had a confirmed diagnosis of CI, accompanied by CI-type symptomatology. They each underwent an OT program consisting of three office-based visits and 8 w...

PURPOSE To obtain normative values of angle kappa in a normal population by synoptophore and Orbscan II and to compare the reliability of these devices. METHODS Three hundred consecutive healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. A complete orthoptic and ophthalmologic examination was performed. Synoptophore and Orbscan II corneal topography were used to measure angle kappa. To evaluate ...

OBJECTIVE To find the causes of amblyopia in patients 4 to 14 years old attending out patient Ophthalmology department of Khyber teaching Hospital Peshawar. METHODS In this prospective cohort hospital based study 200 children aged 4-14 years were studied over a period of 12 months from December 2005 to November 2006 in outpatient department of Ophthalmology, Khyber Teaching Hospital. Visual a...

NOTWITHSTANDING the vast literature, a complete and satisfactory definition of the clinical picture of amblyopia in strabismus has not yet been produced, and some symptoms are often confused with those of other forms of functional amblyopia. Bangerter (1953) and many other authors embrace in the term " amblyopia ex anopsia" the amblyopia observed in anisometropia, in high ametropia, and in nyst...

AIM To determine the efficacy and safety of keratorefractive surgery in patients with accommodative and non-accommodative strabismus in a prospective study. METHODS Preoperative assessment included uncorrected (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), manifest and cycloplegic refraction and orthoptic examination. Laser in situ keratomileusis, laser epithelial keratomileusis and Artisan ...

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of orthoptic treatment on the AC/A (A, accommodation; C, convergence) and CA/C ratios in subjects with convergence insufficiency (CI). METHODS The change in AC/A and CA/C ratios after a 12-week period of home-based orthoptic treatment was examined in 10 subjects (mean age, 25.4+/-4.1 years [SD]). Both the AC/A and CA/C ratios were measured by using gradient resp...

Purpose. Randomized controlled trial aimed at comparing surgical outcomes in a group of patients suffering from hyperfunction of the inferior oblique (IO) muscle with abnormal head position (AHP). The surgical techniques being compared are Recession and (thread) Controlled Myotomy. Materials and Methods. The group of 20 patients suffering from medium-high hyperfunction of the IO was assessed th...

PURPOSE To evaluate the prevalence of diplopia in Greece after cataract surgery among diplopia cases. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 571 patients with diplopia over an 8-year period in order to evaluate the prevalence of diplopia related to cataract surgery. The surgical and anesthetic records were also reviewed. All patients had full orthoptic assessment ...

We studied gaze-shift dynamics during several gaze-shift tasks and during reading, in five subjects with convergence insufficiency (C.I., a diminished ability to converge), and in ten subjects without C.I. Furthermore, we studied the effect of vergence training in order to verify previous claims that orthoptic exercises can improve vergence performance. We recorded binocular eye movements with ...