A key challenge for rechargeable metal–air batteries is the development of a cost-effective bifunctional catalyst for both oxygen evolution (OER) and reduction (ORR) reactions. Here, we took the advantages of high OER activity of Co3O4 spinel and high ORR activity of Ag to develop a carbon-free oxygen electrode, e.g., for Li–air batteries. The optimized Ag + Co3O4 catalyst was further character...

AIM To review evidence on the short-term clinical outcomes of laparoscopic (LRR) vs open rectal resection (ORR) for rectal cancer. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using Cochrane Central Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, OpenGrey and ClinicalTrials.gov register for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing LRR vs ORR for rectal cancer and reporting short-term clinical o...

Heteroatom-doped carbon matrices have been attracting significant attention due to their superior electrochemical stability, light weight and low cost. Hence, in this study, various types of heteroatom, including single dopants of N, B and P and multiple dopants of B-N and P-N with a carbon matrix were synthesized by an innovative method named the solution plasma process. The heteroatom was dop...

We present experimentally observed molecular adsorbate coverages (e.g., O(H), OOH and HOOH) on real operating dealloyed bimetallic PtMx (M = Ni or Co) catalysts under oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) conditions obtained using X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). The results reveal a complex Sabatier catalysis behavior and indicate the active ORR mechanism changes with Pt-O bond weake...

We show that a partially reduced graphene oxide electrocatalyst, synthesized by electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO), displays significantly enhanced catalytic activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline solutions compared to the starting GO. The electrochemical partial reduction of GO was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Elec...

PURPOSE To examine and compare patient and oncologist preferences for advanced melanoma treatment attributes and to document their trade-offs for benefits with risks. MATERIALS AND METHODS A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted among advanced melanoma patients and oncologists. Qualitative pilot testing was used to inform the DCE design. A series of scenarios asked stakeholders to ch...

Well-dispersed Co1.67Te2 nanoparticles supported on carbon black have been synthesized via a solidstate reaction using Co and Te precursors in an autoclave at elevated temperatures. Their oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and selectivity as a function of heating temperatures in catalyst synthesis were evaluated by rotating disk (RDE) and ring-disk electrodes (RRDE). It was found that the...

We propose guidelines for the design of improved bimetallic (and related) electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acidic media. This guide is based on simple thermodynamic principles assuming a simple mechanism where one metal breaks the oxygen-oxygen bond of molecular O(2) and the other metal acts to reduce the resulting adsorbed atomic oxygen. Analysis of the Gibbs free en...

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs, has been used for treatment of breast cancer that develops resistance to endocrine therapy. However, the efficacy and safety need further evaluation. Here, we report a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy using steroid (exemestane...

A very simple proof is presented of the fact that the Orr-Sommerfeld equation for flows that approach exponentially to a constant at infinity has at most finitely many eigenvalues. A completely elementary argument shows that the Orr-Sommerfeld equation for such flows has no eigenvalues when the product of the Reynolds number and the wave number is small enough.