This paper presents a novel approach for changeable and privacy preserving face recognition. We first introduce a new method of biometric matching using the sorted index numbers (SINs) of feature vectors. Since it is impossible to recover any of the exact values of the original features, the transformation from original features to the SIN vectors is noninvertible. To address the irrevocable na...

The role of CD8(+) T cells in dengue virus infection and subsequent disease manifestations is not fully understood. According to the original antigenic sin theory, skewing of T-cell responses induced by primary infection with one serotype causes less effective response upon secondary infection with a different serotype, predisposing individuals to severe disease. A comprehensive analysis of CD8...

The immune system is a real-time example of an evolving system that navigates the essentially infinite complexity of protein sequence space. How this system responds to disease and vaccination is discussed. Of particular focus is the case when vaccination leads to increased susceptibility to disease, a phenomenon termed original antigenic sin. A physical theory of protein evolution to explain l...

A large number of published studies have shown that adaptive immunity to a particular antigen, including pathogen-derived, can be boosted by another, cross-reacting antigen while inducing suboptimal immunity to the latter. Although this phenomenon, called original antigenic sin (OAS), was first reported approximately 70 years ago (Francis et al. 1947 Am. J. Public Health 37, 1013-1016 (doi:10.2...

In the real world, mice and men are not immunologically naive, having been exposed to numerous antigenic challenges. Prior infections sometimes negatively impact the response to a subsequent infection. This can occur in serial infections with pathogens sharing cross-reactive Ags. At the T cell level it has been proposed that preformed memory T cells, which cross-react with low avidity to epitop...

© 1999        .  -(p); - (e). Pure I come from the pure, Queen of those below the earth, and Eukles and Eubouleus and the other gods and daimons; For I boast that I am of your blessed race. I have paid the penalty on account of deeds not just; Either Fate mastered me or the Thunderer, striking with his lightning. Now I come, a suppliant...

Human antibodies (Abs) elicited by influenza viruses often bind with a high affinity to past influenza virus strains, but paradoxically, do not bind to the viral strain actually eliciting the response. This phenomena is called 'original antigenic sin' (OAS) since this can occur at the expense of generating new de novo Abs. Here, we characterized the specificity and functionality of Abs elicited...

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I n this issue of The Journal of Experimental Medicine , Tuohy et al. study the spreading of the autoimmune response to myelin antigens in experimental autoimmune encephalo-myelitis (EAE) and its likely human counterpart, multiple sclerosis (MS) (1). They demonstrate that as disease develops in EAE and MS, reactivity to the initiating antigen diminishes , and an orderly and definable set of new...