Some organic compounds gelate particular solvents by forming a network of anisotropic fibres. We show that Hansen solubility parameters can be used to predict the range of solvents that are likely to be gelled by any given gelator.

Recovery and purification difficulties can limit the yield and utility of otherwise successful organic synthesis strategies. A "fluorous synthesis" approach is outlined in which organic molecules are rendered soluble in fluorocarbon solvents by attachment of a suitable fluorocarbon group. Fluorocarbon solvents are usually immiscible in organic solutions, and fluorous molecules partition out of ...

This Account reports the synthesis and characterization of dendrimer-encapsulated metal nanoparticles and their applications to catalysis. These materials are prepared by sequestering metal ions within dendrimers followed by chemical reduction to yield the corresponding zerovalent metal nanoparticle. The size of such particles depends on the number of metal ions initially loaded into the dendri...

Occupational exposure to organic solvents has been implicated in the development of "presenile dementia" in several studies. The death certificates of all men aged under 65 dying in England and Wales bearing presenile dementia as cause of death were collected for the years 1970-9 (n = 557): control death certificates were obtained, matched for age and sex. No significant differences were found ...

Tests for cardiovascular function were made in 34 workers exposed to organic solvents for several years (mean 16.2 years). The results were compared with those of 52 healthy subjects. All the cardiovascular parameters were lower in the exposed group. The exposed subjects with evidence of peripheral neuropathy had lower values than those without neuropathy. The findings suggest that peripheral p...

In order to exploit fully the biotechnological opportunities afforded by nonaqueous enzymology, the issue of often drastically diminished enzymatic activity in organic solvents compared with that in water must be addressed and resolved. Recent studies have made great strides towards elucidating causes of this phenomenon of activity loss. None of these causes is insurmountable; by designing stra...

The thermal stability of horseradish peroxidase suspensions was studied in three organic solvents of different hydrophobicity (dodecane, octane, and 1-octanol) at three different water contents (14.1, 55.3 and 256.2 mg water g dry protein). In these conditions, the enzyme is much more stable than in aqueous solutions (inactivation temperatures were in the range of 125–1508C). The enzyme showed ...

The development of efficient sensors for the determination of the water content in organic solvents is highly desirable for a number of chemical industries. Presented herein is a Mg(2+) metal-organic framework (MOF), which exhibits the remarkable capability to rapidly detect traces of water (0.05-5 % v/v) in various organic solvents through an unusual turn-on luminescence sensing mechanism. The...

Mukaiyama aldol reactions in aqueous media have been surveyed. While the original Mukaiyama aldol reactions entailed stoichiometric use of Lewis acids in organic solvents under strictly anhydrous conditions, Mukaiyama aldol reactions in aqueous media are not only suitable for green sustainable chemistry but are found to produce singular phenomena. These findings led to the discovery of a series...

Earlier studies have shown that determination of the serum concentration of different forms of transferrin (isotransferrins) may be used to detect hepatic effects caused by alcohol abuse. The isotransferrin variant with an isoelectric point of 5.7 has been compared with the total amount of serum transferrin in order to study hepatic effects caused by occupational exposure to organic solvents. E...