employing recent technological advances in surveying and mapping soil salinity is a step forward in controlling saline soils. the aim of this study was to map the topsoil salinity, the depth of 0-5 cm, using different methods within the environmental context of the area around tashk & bakhtegan lake, with the area of 8062 ha, that in this region soil salinity appears to be a major threat to agr...

Rainfall data is useful in many fields such as urban management, agriculture, and so on. Spatial interpolation is widely used to interpolation continue rainfall data from discrete rainfall gauges. The uncertainty in spatial interpolation is change in different region. Paper focus on urban small area of Beijing city, Xicheng District and analyses uncertainty of spatial interpolation from four as...

The deformation characteristic of the arch dam can directly reflect its service performance, which be analyzed on basis field. However, restricted by limited number monitoring points and inhomogeneity materials, an accurate measurement field is difficult to estimate using existing common methods, such as spatial interpolation methods finite element method (FEM). With aim ensuring structure safe...

In this paper, an adaptive optimization strategy utilizing Kriging model and genetic algorithm is proposed for the optimal design of electromagnetic devices. The ordinary Kriging assisted by the spherical covariance model is used to construct surrogate models. In order to improve the computational efficiency, the adaptive uniform sampling strategy is applied to generate sampling points in desig...

Recent enhanced urbanization and industrialization in China have greatly influenced soil Cu content. To better understand the magnitude of Cu contamination in soil, it is essential to understand its spatial distribution and estimate its values at unsampled points. However, Kriging often can not achieve satisfactory estimates when soil Cu data have weak spatial dependence. The proposed classific...

Spatial distribution and hazard assessment of soil lead in the mining site of Silvermines, Ireland, were investigated using statistics, geostatistics and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. Positively skewed distribution and possible outlying values of Pb and other heavy metals were observed. Box-Cox transformation was applied in order to achieve normality in the data set and to red...

In order to evaluate risk elements and their spatial distribution in agricultural fields south of Tehran, statistics, geostatistics and geographic information system (GIS) were used. The content of Hg, As, Pb, Mo, and Be were determined in 106 samples. The results showed that primary inputs of As and Hg were due to anthropogenic sources, while Pb, Mo and Be were associated with pedogenic and an...

The sediment nature and processes are the key to the understanding of the marine ecosystem, and can explain particularly the presence of soft-substrata habitats. For predictions of the occurrence of species and habitats, detailed sedimentological information is often crucial. This paper presents a methodology to create high quality sedimentological data grids of grain-size fractions and the per...

For water levels, generally a non-stationary variable, the technique of universal kriging is applied in preference to ordinary kriging as the interpolation method. Each set of data in every sector can fit different empirical semivariogram models since they have different spatial structures. These models can be classified as circular, spherical, tetraspherical, pentaspherical, exponential, gauss...