AIM A close correlation exists between positron emission tomography (PET)-determined histamine H1 -receptor occupancy (H1 RO) and the incidence of sedation. Antihistamines with H1 RO <20% are classified as non-sedating. The objective was to compare the H1 RO of bilastine, a second generation antihistamine, with that of hydroxyzine. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, crossover study used P...

PURPOSE This study was performed to compare the effects of nitrous oxide/oxygen (N2O/O2) versus oxygen (O2) as adjuncts to an oral narcotic regimen for pediatric conscious sedation. METHODS Using a randomized double-blind crossover design, 19 children (mean age 41 +/- 8.6 months) were sedated with chloral hydrate (50 mg/kg), meperidine (1.5 mg/kg) and hydroxyzine pamoate (25 mg) for two appoi...

BACKGROUND Bispectral index (BIS) is a valuable tool for assessing the depth of sedation and guiding the administration of sedative drugs. We previously demonstrated the benefits of BIS-guided propofol sedation in patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy. OBJECTIVE To examine the feasibility and safety profile of propofol sedation in patients undergoing medical thoracoscopy (MT). METHODS P...

Ninety day-case or short stay patients were allocated to three groups in a double-blind study. The groups received oral midazolam 15 mg, oral temazepam 20 mg or placebo approximately 1 h before surgery. Midazolam was superior to temazepam regarding anxiolysis, sedation and amnesia, but temazepam was superior to placebo. However, delay in immediate and late recovery occurred significantly more o...

Introduction: Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation are powerful noxious stimuli that should be attenuated. Effect more severe in hypertensive patients. The present study evaluated the safe and clinically effective dose of oral pregabalin as premedication for attenuation of pressor response of airway instrumentation in controlled hypertensive patients. Methods: After ethical committee clearance ...

BACKGROUND Melatonin may induce a natural sleepiness and improve predictability of sedation drugs. We have investigated its clinical value in children sedated for magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS In a stratified randomized double-blind study, 98 children received either melatonin or placebo 10 min before they were sedated with a standard oral regimen. Children >5 and <15 kg received chlora...

This study was performed to test the hypothesis that nitrous oxide augments the effects of diazepam sedation of young children by reducing crying and movement and improving the overall quality of sedation. Twenty-four children (mean age of 32 months) were sedated on two occasions with two different treatment regimens. All subjects received a standard oral dose of 0.5 mg/kg of diazepam with and ...

Background and aims. There are several known sedative drugs, with midazolam and ketamine being the most commonly used drugs in children. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of intranasal and oral midazolam plus ketamine in children with high levels of dental anxiety. Materials and methods. A crossover double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 23 uncooperative children aged 3-6 (n...

The treatment of fearful or anxious patients presents a myriad of problems for the dentist. In-office sedation using oral (enteral) medications is an effective means of increasing patient tolerance of invasive dental procedures. The incremental oral administration technique is a protocol that can be utilized to treat fearful or anxious patients. A case is presented in which this technique was u...

Premedication should provide effective anxiolysis and conscious sedation to improve the conditions for parental separation and induction of general anesthesia. Among different premedicants used for children by the oral route, we used in this study midazolam and fentanyl aiming to determine the value of adding fentanyl lozenge (brand name Actiq®, Cephalon, UT) to midazolam syrup for preoperative...