In September 2003 a WHO consultation group on vaccinederived polioviruses (VDPV) concluded that in order to prevent future generations of paralytic polio after interruption of transmission of wild poliovirus, the use of trivalent oral polio vaccine (OPV) must be stopped [1]. Another important global policy decision along the road to polio eradication thus became possible – cessation of OPV use ...

Some of their observations are correct, but some observations need clarification, while some issues have been left out in the editorial. Their observations suggest inadequate vaccine coverage and non-vaccination are reasons for increase in number of polio cases in the year 2002. The authors had also indicated that OPV vaccine has not made much impact. In case OPV vaccine had made any major impa...

Characteristic Strain GenBank accession no. KT818796 KT818795 KT818793 KT818794 Country of isolation Niger Guinea Senegal Mauritania Region Zinder Labé Thies Assaba Sex M M F F Age at diagnosis, y 1.3 1.7 3 1.6 Paralysis onset date 2013/02/26 2013/04/24 2014/03/17 2014/05/06 Date of first sampling 2013/03/06 2013/04/29 2014/03/26 2014/05/22 Fever at onset of paralysis yes yes yes yes Progressiv...

We evaluate practical power conversion efficiency limits lim in bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaic BHJ OPV cells and how the field dependence of exciton dissociation affects cell efficiencies. We treat the fill factor limit as a function of the donor-acceptor lowest unoccupied molecular orbital offset energy ELLO , calculating how this limit varies with decreasing ELLO. We also evaluate O...

Cost-effective, solution-processable organic photovoltaics (OPV) present an interesting alternative to inorganic silicon-based solar cells. However, one of the major remaining challenges of OPV devices is their lack of long-term operational stability, especially at elevated temperatures. The synthesis of a fullerene dumbbell and its use as an additive in the active layer of a PCDTBT:PCBM-based ...

Poliomyelitis is an exclusively human disease that mainly affects children. Clinical features of poliomyelitis can be varied, from mild illness to the most severe paralysis, and factor why has different performances in individuals been proved strongly correlated with membrane protein CD155. The nervous system shows a special protecting phenomenon against invasion poliovirus, mechanism not very ...

With national and global health policymakers facing numerous complex decisions related to achieving and maintaining polio eradication, we expanded our previously developed dynamic poliovirus transmission model using information from an expert literature review process and including additional immunity states and the evolution of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). The model explicitly considers sero...

Thiol-protected gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been used to probe the initial stages of the molecular organization of oligo(p-phenylenevinylene) (OPV) gelators. The hybrid materials prepared by the self-assembly of OPVs and GNPs are characterized by optical microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. GNPs are ...

In Japan, the routine immunization program with oral polio vaccine (OPV) has been suspended since September 2012, when a program with 4 doses of inactivated monovalent polio vaccine (IPV) or quadrivalent vaccine against diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus with IPV (DTaP-IPV) was introduced. The aim of this study was to examine the interchangeability among these 3 types of polio vaccines.We condu...

A study was carried out in a rural community in Kenya to compare the humoral and intestinal immunity provided by three doses of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and two or three doses of enhanced-potency inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV). The immunization series was started at 8-12 weeks of age and the interval between doses was 2 months. In children with low levels of maternal antibodies (i.e....