1. introduction considering the importance of lake urmia in the weather of northwest of iran, the present study, using dynamic modelling and simulation, investigates the consequences of the drying up of lake urmia on the climate parameter of downfall. 2. study area lake urima, considered the biggest pond in western asia, with a surface area of 5 thousand and 822 square kilometers, is the second...

owing to the oncoming needs and increasing the population of lake urmia watershed, providing equilibrium  between water supply and demand seems quite challenging and the lake cannot be successful in meeting its ecological demands in this critical condition. in this unfavorable situation, water resources must be managed through a sustainable context. with this knowledge in hand, a multi attribut...

the electro-osmotic consolidation is a method to improve geotechnical properties of soft clayey soils. the feasibility of electro–osmotically induced consolidation can be examined through the soil coefficient of electro–osmotic permeability (ke) and the electro–osmotic coefficient of water transport (ki). using an electro-osmotic testing cell, ke and ki parameters were measured in urmia lake we...

chaos theory discusses unstable and non-periodic behavior of non-linear fluctuating dynamicsystems. since evaporation level variations of lakes have a dynamic identity, chaos theory can have a uniquerole in collecting data of these variations. therefore it is an important and challenging problem in the field ofplanning and qualitative and quantitative management of urmia lake to verify whether ...

drought as a climatic phenomenon affected many different environmental issues and generally is associated with the decreasing in average precipitation. evaluation and monitoring of the drought is a fundamental step in proper programming of water resources management. regarding the recent conditions water scarcity in the urmia lake basin, assessment of the drought index in this region is inevita...

the aim of this research is to understand and assess the application of organizational learning capabilities in the status quo and review desirable situations in the context of the agricultural faculty environment. data were collected from 329 faculty members in 19 public agricultural faculties using a survey questionnaire. results indicate that organizational learning capabilities are below av...

Limited water resources with uneven distribution in addition to the growing demands are the main challenges of the water governance in Iran. The Government has planned several water resources development project and due to their complex technical, socio-economical, and environmental outcomes, comprehensive evaluation is needed. To select more adaptive and accountable projects, suitable group de...

Compared with common dust storms, saline dust storms transport high concentrations of fine-grain saline and alkaline material. The saline dust storm differs from common dust storm, especially considering the sources of the suspended particulate matter (PM), chemical composition, grain size, and circulation processes. Atmospheric particulate matters (TSP, PM10, PM2.5, and PM1) and their water-so...