Fouling is a major challenge for the economic feasibility and applicability of membrane bioreactors. Several strategies have been proposed fouling control, among them, addition flux enhancers (FE) shown promising results. Previous research revealed high variability required optimal dosage FE different types sludge; however, studies analysing causes such are lacking. Therefore, this examines eff...

Coronary heart disease, a condition associated with dyslipidemias including hyperlipidemia and low HDL-C levels, has been an increasing problem in the developing world. Conventional treatment for hyperlipidemia often present with unfavourable side effects, leading to the need for development of drugs from natural products. The hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic properties of the Jamaican bitt...

Abstract Background In continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), administration of anticoagulants is necessary for achieving a certain level filter lifetime. Generally, anticoagulant doses are controlled to keep activated partial thromboplastin time and other indicators within target range, regardless the membrane materials used filter. However, in actual clinical practice, lifetime varies s...

Increasing evidence that low-level exposure to toxic agents induces beneficial effects indicates the need to examine if and how the current EPA reference dose (RfD) derivation process could take this phenomenon into account. This paper examines conditions that affect how the RfD process could incorporate chemically induced beneficial effects while preventing toxic responses. Incorporation of be...

BACKGROUND Industrial air pollution is a growing challenge to humane health, especially in developing countries, where there is no systematic monitoring of air pollution. Given the importance of the availability of valid information on population exposure to air pollutants, it is important to design an optimal Air Quality Monitoring Network (AQMN) for assessing population exposure to air pollut...

The capsule of Bacillus anthracis, composed of poly-D-glutamic acid ( DPGA), is an essential virulence factor of B. anthracis. The capsule inhibits innate host defense through its antiphagocytic action. DPGA is a poor immunogen, but when covalently bound to a carrier protein, it elicits serum antibodies. To identify the optimal construct for clinical use, synthetic DPGAs of different lengths we...