This paper describes the creation of a Kinetic Pen capable of measuring the six-component force and torque that each of four individual contacts applies to the pen during writing. This was done by staggering the mounting of the four sensors along the long axis of the pen and having an extended arm run from the sensor to the grip site, preventing a clustering of the sensors where the digit tips ...

In recent years the studies of freehand sketch began to peek into cognitive study area from the design media aspect. The development of pen-based system attempted to use pen as an input device, allowing sketches to be freely drawn in computers environment. The importance of the freehand sketch is in its ability to freely represent various drawing projections using ambiguous sketches. However, a...

BACKGROUND The efficacy of lumbar percutaneous epidural neuroplasty (PEN) as a minimally invasive technique has been relatively well investigated, but the clinical effectiveness of cervical PEN (C-PEN) has yet to be established. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcomes between C-PEN and cervical epidural steroid injection (C-ESI). STUDY DESIGN Randomized control ...

PURPOSE To determine the speed, accuracy, ease of use, and user satisfaction of various electronic data entry platforms for use in the collection of mammography clinical trials data. METHOD AND MATERIALS Four electronic data entry platforms were tested: standalone personal digital assistant (PDA), Tablet PC, digitizer Tablet/PDA Hybrid (DTP Hybrid), and digital pen (d-pen). Standard paper dat...

This study examined competition effects on ADG in the feedlot of 1,882 Hereford bulls representing 8 birth years from a selection experiment. Each year, 8 feedlot pens were used to feed bulls in groups, with 2 pens nested within each of the 4 selection lines. Gains were recorded for up to 8 periods of 28 d. Models for analyses included pen effects (fixed or random), fixed effects such as year a...

SUMMARY Adjustment of a certain parameter in the course of performing a trajectory task such as drawing or gesturing is a common manipulation in pen-based interaction. Since pen tip information is confined to x-y coordinate data, such concurrent parameter adjustment is not easily accomplished in devices using only a pen tip. This paper comparatively investigates the performance of inherent pen ...

Pen computing as afield broadly includes computers and applications in which a pen is the main input device. This field continues to draw a lot of attention from researchers because there are a number qf applications where pen is the most convenient form of input. These include: 1 . Preparrng a f i r s t d r a f t o f a d o c u m e n t a n d concentrating on content creation. 2. A sociallv acce...

Tono-Pen and TonoVet have been used in rabbits to measure intraocular pressure (IOP) and investigate the effect of IOP lowering therapies. Therefore, their reliability and accuracy are very important and deserve careful evaluation. Our results showed that the with-subject deviation (Sw) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the TonoVet and Tono-Pen were 0.61 mmHg/0.83 mmHg and 0.97/0....

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to characterize how successfully patients with diabetes are able to distinguish between pens of the same pen type containing long- and short-acting insulins. METHODS Structured one-on-one interviews were conducted with 400 patients with diabetes in the United States, using either a differentiated (n = 100) or undifferentiated (n = 100) SoloSTAR® (ins...