A 13-year-old Hispanic boy suffered a perforating injury to his right eye from a BB. The clinical examination and computed tomographic scan revealed questionable light perception and a dense foreign body, consistent with a BB, situated behind the globe. A vitrectomy was performed that was unsuccessful. Six months later the eye was enucleated, and the BB was found to be within the optic nerve sh...

We describe a case of progressive subretinal fibrosis and multifocal chorioretinitis along with its findings on both fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography. The progressive subretinal fibrosis syndrome is a severe subset of multifocal choroiditis. The clustering of lesions around the nerve optic head may mean that the disease is spread through the flow in and out of the eye around the op...

INTRODUCTION Glaucoma is the second leading cause of vision loss in the world. Characterized by progressive and irreversible vision loss, it affects more than 60 million people world-wide [1]. The pathogenesis of this disease is not fully understood however glaucoma has been positively correlated with elevated pressure inside the eye. Patients with glaucoma show significant deformations in the ...

A 51-year-old woman had optic disk cupping from optic nerve compression by an intracranial aneurysm. Slit-lamp stereoscopic examination of the living eye immediately post mortem revealed an optic cup vertically oral, elongated superiorly, and indistinguishable from disk changes seen early in glaucoma. The histopathological changes differed from those in glaucoma by showing no glial atrophy. Ins...

INTRODUCTION For many years, ophthalmologists have looked at the optic nerve head to evaluate the status of glaucoma. Clinical examination of the optic nerve head and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) is however, subjective and sometimes variable. Recent developments in computer-based imaging technologies have provided a means of obtaining quantitative measurements of the optic nerve head topogr...

The development of optical coherence tomography (OCT) has changed the clinical management of ophthalmic diseases by furthering the understanding of pathogenesis, as well as improving the monitoring of their progression and assisting in quantifying the response to treatment modalities in ophthalmic diseases. Initially, the two-dimensional configuration of the optic nerve head (ONH) and the thick...

BACKGROUND Microglia, the macrophages and immune surveillance cells of the central nervous system, are quiescent normally but become activated in injured neural tissue. We have determined the distribution and potential participation of microglia in glaucomatous optic nerve degeneration. METHODS Microglia were localized by immunohistochemistry on paraffin sections of age-matched normal and gla...

Urkude J, et al. BMJ Case Rep 2017. doi:10.1136/bcr-2017-221549 Description Case 1: A posterior segment B-scan ultrasonography in a patient with typical iris coloboma and total cataract, showed well-defined excavated area in the inferior part just below the optic disc (red arrow) with the absence of retinochoroidal layer, suggestive of fundal coloboma (yellow arrow) (figure 1A). Involvement of ...