This paper examines the dynamic causal relationship between carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption, economic growth, foreign trade and urbanization using time series data for the period of 1960-2009. Short-run unidirectional causalities are found from energy consumption and trade openness to carbon dioxide emissions, from trade openness to energy consumption, from carbon dioxide emissions...

Policy and practice relating to openness in adoption has changed substantially in the last 30 years. There is a growing body of empirical research which supports both structural and communicative openness and there is widespread consensus that communicative openness is desirable within adoptive families. Despite this, there is evidence that some adoptive parents and their adopted children strug...

Abstract. Openness to international trade and adopting stringent antitrust laws are both ways that countries can curb anticompetitive behavior. But scholars have long debated the relationship between these two tools. Some have argued that greater trade openness makes antitrust unnecessary, while others have argued that antitrust laws are still needed to realize the benefits of trade liberalizat...

This study used a longitudinal data set of 5,672 adults followed for 50 years to determine the factors that influence adult trait Openness-to-Experience. In a large, nationally representative sample in the UK (the National Child Development Study), data were collected at birth, in childhood (age 11), adolescence (age 16), and adulthood (ages 33, 42, and 50) to examine the effects of family soci...

The present study examined the associations between three aspects of Openness to Experience (Intellectual Interests, Aesthetic Interests, and Unconventionality) and two broad cognitive domains (fluid and crystallized intelligence) in a large middle-aged and old adult sample. Results show that both the measurements of Openness and intelligence were strongly invariant across age groups. Older adu...

The present study employed a variety of existing measures to assess openness to the other in the ecologically valid context of listening to real-life testimonies of race-based suffering. Variation in system threat, as well individual differences in two measures of prejudiceRight Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO)were all investigated for their impact on responden...

An instrument designed to separate 2 midlevel traits within each of the Big Five (the Big Five Aspect Scales [BFAS]) was used to clarify the relation of personality to cognitive ability. The BFAS measures Openness to Experience and Intellect as separate (although related) traits, and refers to the broader Big Five trait as Openness/Intellect. In 2 samples (N = 125 and 189), Intellect was indepe...

The use of animals in scientific research represents an interesting case to consider in the context of the contemporary preoccupation with transparency and openness in science and governance. In the United Kingdom, organisations critical of animal research have long called for more openness. More recently, organisations involved in animal research also seem to be embracing transparency discours...

BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity is a serious problem worldwide related to cardiovascular and other diseases. Personality traits are associated with the abnormal body mass indices (BMIs) indicative of overweight and obesity. However, the links between personality traits and BMI have been little studied in Korea. METHODS We evaluated the association between personality traits and BMI in men a...