The diagnosis of cancer relies primarily on invasive tissue biopsy, as noninvasive diagnostic tests are generally insufficient to define a disease process of cancer. The conventional histopathology based on light microscopy, however, has recently been complemented with ultrastructure, immunohistochemistry and molecular diagnostics. Molecular medicine has led to the discovery and application of ...

Imaging plays a vital role in the management of non-small cell lung cancer including diagnosis, staging and follow-up. CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used in staging and provide anatomical information but have well known limitations in differentiating reactive from malignant nodes, and fibrosis from active disease and in defining the extent of invasion. MRI with its superior soft t...

Bladder Cancer (BCa) is the most common malignancy arising from the urinary tract. One of the mainstays of diagnosis, staging, and therapeutic decision-making for BCa is accurate and appropriate imaging. The ability to identify metastatic disease preoperatively is of utmost importance in determining treatment. Advances in standard cross sectional imaging techniques like Computed Tomography (CT)...

Positron emission tomography (PET) is now an important cancer imaging tool, both for diagnosis and staging, as well as offering prognostic information based on response. This report attempts to comprehensively review the value of PET in the locoregional and distant staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), illustrate the potential effects on patient management, and give a short overview of...

and Key Points 1. Radiology is important in the detection, diagnosis and staging of cancer. Diagnostic imaging is integral to guide treatment planning, assess for residual disease and response to the treatment, and monitor recurrence and progression of most malignancies.

Imaging plays a vital role in the management of oesophageal cancer including diagnosis, staging and follow up. Computerised tomography (CT) is used for staging and follow up, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) having only a limited role. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) provides optimal information for tumour extent and local nodal involvement. Functional imaging using 2-18 fluoro-deoxyglucose po...

PURPOSE MUSIC is a statewide consortium of 42 urology practices that aims to improve the quality of prostate cancer care in Michigan. As an initial priority, we examined patterns of care in the radiographic staging of men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. We determined whether collaborative-wide data review and performance feedback would decrease the imaging rate in men with low risk prosta...

BACKGROUND This article reviews the potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in prostate cancer diagnosis. METHODS Systematic scan of Pubmed, Ovid, Medline, Elsevier search engines was used, additional information was found through bibliographic review of relevant articles. Results. Substantial progress has been made in the imaging of prostate cancer in MR imaging, as well as in advanced...

CONTEXT The optimal management strategy for men with newly diagnosed clinically localized prostate cancer remains a matter of debate. Numerous series have reported cancer control and quality-of-life (QoL) outcomes following treatment with radical prostatectomy (RP). OBJECTIVE Critically review published oncologic and functional outcomes after RP, and evaluate factors associated with these out...