Approximately 15-20% of human cancers are caused by viruses, including human papillomaviruses (HPVs). Viruses are obligatory intracellular parasites and encode proteins that reprogram the regulatory networks governing host cellular signaling pathways that control recognition by the immune system, proliferation, differentiation, genomic integrity, and cell death. Given that key proteins in these...

Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vectors containing the full-length genomes of several herpesviruses have been used widely as tools to enable functional studies of viral genes. Marek's disease viruses (MDVs) are highly oncogenic alphaherpesviruses that induce rapid-onset T-cell lymphomas in chickens. Oncogenic strains of MDV reconstituted from BAC clones have been used to examine the role ...

Many of the human viruses with oncogenic capabilities, either in their natural host or in experimental systems (hepatitis B and C, human T cell leukaemia virus type 1, Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus, human immunodeficiency virus, high-risk human papillomaviruses and adenovirus type 9), encode in their limited genome the ability to target cellular proteins containing PSD95/ DLG/ZO-1 (PDZ) interactio...

be achieved by either homologous mouse type C replicating viruses or heterologous viruses capable of replicating in such cells (8). The increased levels of Moloney sarcoma specific RNA might be achieved by increased rates of transcription of the MSV genome or decreased rates of degradation of the sarcoma specific RNA. In addition, as a secondary effect, increases of sarcoma RNA may occur by gen...

Viruses regulate cellular processes to facilitate viral replication. Manipulation of nuclear proteins and pathways by nuclear replicating viruses often causes cellular genome instability that contributes to transformation. The cellular DNA damage response (DDR) safeguards the host to maintain genome integrity, but DNA tumour viruses can manipulate the DDR to promote viral propagation. In this r...

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are two oncogenic human γ-herpesviruses that each with 1-2% of tumors. They encode bona fide oncogenes they express during latent infection to amplify their host cells themselves within these. In contrast, lytic particle producing has been considered destroy might be even induced therapeutically eliminate EBV KSHV However...

Introduction Marek’s disease, an economically-important lymphoid neoplasm of chickens, is caused by oncogenic strains of Marek’s disease herpesvirus (MDV). The virus replicates in lymphocytes and the epithelia of the skin and feather tissues (1). Despite very successful vaccination with attenuated virus strains, vaccine failures do occur as field viruses evolve towards greater virulence. In the...