Fusion oncogenes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) promote self-renewal from committed progenitors, thereby linking transformation and self-renewal pathways. Like most cancers, AML is a genetically and biologically heterogeneous disease, but it is unclear whether transformation results from common or overlapping genetic programs acting downstream of multiple mutations or by the engagement of uniq...

Fusion oncogenes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) promote self-renewal from committed progenitors, thereby linking transformation and self-renewal pathways. Like most cancers, AML is a genetically and biologically heterogeneous disease, but it is unclear whether transformation results from common or overlapping genetic programs acting downstream of multiple mutations or by the engagement of uniq...

Many aspects must be studied when considering theories of oncogenesis. Growth factors, the polypeptide hormones that are necessary for cell growth, and oncogenes, the genes that produce cancer, are only two aspects. Proto-oncogenes are found in normal cellular DNA and are believed to play regulatory roles in differentiation and development. Oncoviruses, mutation of DNA and chromosomal damage ca...

Tumorigenesis is a multi-step and complex process with multi-factors involved. Deregulated oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) induced by genetic and epigenetic factors are considered as the driving force in the development and progression of cancer. Besides, microRNAs (miRNAs) act vital roles in tumorigenesis through regulating some oncogenes and TSGs. Interestingly, miRNAs are also re...

Cancer is a multistep process whereby genetic events that result in the activation of proto-oncogenes or the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes usurp physiologic programs mandating relentless proliferation and growth. Experimental evidence surprisingly illustrates that the inactivation of even a single oncogene can be sufficient to induce sustained tumor regression. These observations sugge...

PROTO-ONCOGENES AND ONCOGENES...................... ... .......... ........................................... 183 HOMEOBOX, PAIRED BOX, AND FINGER STRUCTURE ENCODING GENES ............................... 186 Gain of Function Mutants......................................................................................... 187 Loss of Function Mutants ................................................

Featured Article: Johnson SM, Grosshans H, Shingara J, Byrom M, Jarvis R, Cheng A, Labourier E, et al. RAS is regulated by the let-7 microRNA family. Cell 2005;120:635– 47. Today, we fully appreciate that microRNAs (miRNAs) represent a paradigm shift in our understanding of gene expression and disease, but it was not always this way. miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs belonging to a novel class of...

The structural hallmark of retroviral transforming onc genes is a specific RNA sequence that is unrelated to the essential retroviral genes but closely related to certain cellular prototypes termed proto-onc genes. Two types of onc genes have been distinguished. Type I are onc genes which utilize elements of specific sequences only to encode a transforming protein. Type I1 onc genes are hybrids...

The myc family of proto-oncogenes is believed to be involved in the establishment of many types of human malignancy. The members of this family have been shown to function as transcription factors, and through a designated target sequence bring about continued cell-cycle progression, cellular immortalization and blockages to differentiation in many lineages. However, while much of the recent wo...

Proto-oncogenes are cellular genes that are expressed during normal growth and developmental processes. Altered versions of normal proto-oncogenes have been implicated in the development of human neoplasia. In this report, we show the detection of activated proto-oncogenes in various spontaneous and chemically induced rodent tumors. The majority of activated proto-oncogenes found in these tumor...