In this article, we investigate the effect of different energy variables on economic growth several oil-importing EU member states. Three periods from 2000 to 2020 were investigated. types regression models constructed via gretl software. Namely, OLS, FE, and SE approaches panel data analysis The FE approach was chosen as final one. results suggest importance consumption both oil renewable grow...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: Q43 F3 G14 G15 Keywords: Stock market returns Oil price fluctuations Gregory–Hansen co-integration test Toda–Yamamoto Granger non-causality test The main focus of this study is to examine how oil price fluctuations influence the performance of stock markets. This study used the causality approach developed by Toda and Yamamoto (1995) to explore the caus...

Productivity differences are viewed as an important explanation of cross-country percapita income differences. The recent literature has put forward two principal explanations for differences in productivity, technology transfer and absorptive capacity. This paper finds evidence that both are important for explaining productivity differences in developing countries and that international trade ...

In the early 1900s, energy sources around the world were mostly agriculturally derived and industrial products were primarily made from plant matter. Early motor fuels also came from agriculture — Henry Ford used ethanol in his original engine and Rudolf Diesel's engine could run on peanut oil. By 1920, petroleum emerged as the dominant energy source for transportation fuels and industrial prod...

Trade market power serves as a significant indicator of pricing within the trade market. This paper aims to examine structure global forage from 1997 2020 and assess exporters in major importing countries, namely Japan, China, South Korea, by utilizing an extended G-K model based on theory residual elasticity demand. The findings this analysis provide several key insights. Firstly, it is reveal...

middle east is a strategic region because of its abundant oil reserves, hostile struggles among the countries, and threat of the radical groups. the countries of this region spend a large amount of their annual budgets on buying weapons and war armaments. the purpose of this paper is to study the impact of military expenditures on economic growth of oil and non-oil middle east countries by a dy...

Over the past three decades, biodiesel has experienced remarkable development. This fuel, obtained from vegetable oils or animal fat, advantage of being renewable, less polluting, and reduces energy dependence oil-importing countries.In this article, we are interested in production a biofuel based on non-food used frying oil. The physico-chemical characteristics for Oleor oil found to comply wi...

Crude oil is one of the most necessitated worldwide required commodities. Any slight fluctuation in crude oil prices can have both direct and indirect influence on the economy of the countries. The unpredictability of crude oil prices forced many companies away from the competition and it influence the stock market and many other macroeconomic variables (inflation, GDP, Import bill etc). Crude ...

Regulators face a choice of where in a vertical chain to set environmental regulation.1 Regulation that targets upstream sources of greenhouse gases focuses on firms producing (or importing) coal, natural gas, oil, and refined petroleum products. Downstream regulation may directly regulate pollution sources (e.g., motor vehicles, farms, and power plants) or perhaps focus further downstream by r...

This work addresses the large-scale crude oil scheduling problem of China’s SINOPEC Maoming refinery importing various types of crude oil from two terminals via long-distance pipelines. A hierarchical decomposition approach is employed to construct a two-stage MILP model of the practical refinery operations. In the upper level model, storage and charging tanks are aggregated to determine the in...