In this work, a numerical simulation study on the mixing characteristics of multiphase flow in an autoclave was carried out using CFD technology. The Eulerian–Eulerian model and discrete phase (DPM) were employed to investigate solid holdup, critical suspension speed, nonuniformity suspension, gas holdup distribution, bubble tracks, residence time during stirring leaching autoclave. Experiments...

Molecular diffusion in brain extracellular space (ECS) is primarily controlled by interactions with the geometry and the interstitial matrix. Both factors increase λ, the tortuosity, a measure of hindrance to diffusion where λ2 = D/D∗ with D the free diffusion coefficient and D∗ the effective diffusion coefficient in brain [1]. Geometry lengthens diffusion paths or creates holdup in local voids...

Pressure hydrometallurgy has attracted much attention for its characteristics, such as the high adaptability of raw materials and environmental friendliness. Flashing (flash boiling or flash evaporation) refers to phase change phenomenon from liquid gas triggered by depressurization, which is an important connection between high-pressure processes atmospheric ones in pressure hydrometallurgy. T...

We examine the incentives for firms to vertically integrate through acquisitions and production. We develop a new firm-specific measure of vertical integration using 10-K text to identify the extent a firm’s products span vertically related product markets. We find that firms in high R&D industries are less likely to vertically integrate or become targets in vertical acquisitions, and are more ...