Social Pressure Influences Decisions of Individuals: Evidence from the Behavior of Football Referees Analyzing the neutrality of referees during twelve German premier league (1st Bundesliga) football seasons, this paper documents evidence that social forces influence agents’ preferences and decisions. Those, who are appointed to be impartial, tend to favor the home team as they systematically a...

Using a multi-camera computerised tracking system the present study aimed to provide a detailed analysis of the work-rate profile of a team of elite soccer players during official matches of the Spanish Premier League. Observation-based performance measures were obtained from 434 individual samples. 6 physical parameters involving the distance covered by players were analysed: standing intensit...

BACKGROUND Patellar tendinopathy is common among athletes in jumping sports and in sports with prolonged repetitive stress of the knee extensor apparatus. The epidemiology in soccer is not well described. PURPOSE This study was undertaken to investigate and describe the epidemiology of patellar tendinopathy in elite male soccer players and evaluate potential risk factors. STUDY DESIGN Cohor...

This study aimed to describe the work-rate profiles of referees during soccer matches and record heart-rate responses during these games. Using video-recordings 14 referees were observed and their heart rates during the games were monitored by short-range radio telemetry. These included 11 football league matches. The exercise intensity was largely submaximal with a change in activity every 6 s...

Eight elite male soccer players from a Premier League Soccer Academy completed 4 v 4 and 8 v 8 games. The physiological responses to match-play were determined for each player by recording their heart rates during all the games and filming each player to determine individual work-rate profiles and evaluate technical actions. Mean ± SD heart rate for 4 v 4 and 8 v 8 matches were not significantl...

PURPOSE This study aimed to quantify the hemolytic responses of elite female football (soccer) players during a typical weekly training session. METHODS Ten elite female football players (7 field players [FPs] and 3 goalkeepers [GKs]) were recruited from the Australian National Women's Premier League and asked to provide a venous blood sample 30 min before and at the immediate conclusion of a...

In this report, we predict the results of soccer matches in the English Premier League (EPL) using artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms. From historical data we created a feature set that includes gameday data and current team performance (form). Using our feature data we created five different classifiers: Linear from stochastic gradient descent, Naive Bayes, Hidden Markov M...