Normally light transmission through the eye is benign and serves to direct vision and circadian rhythm. However, with very intense light exposure, or with ambient light exposure to the aged eye and/or young or adult eye in the presence of light-activated (photosensitizing) drugs or dietary supplements, cosmetics, or diagnostic dyes, light can be hazardous, leading to blinding disorders. Light d...

Glaucomaafter corneal transplantation is amain cause of ocular morbidity after penetrating keratoplasty. The use of topical treatments to control intraocular pressure is the first-line treatment for this sequela (1). Contact allergy to topical β-blockers is a well-recognized side-effect of glaucoma treatment. We report a case of allergic contact dermatitis caused by the β-blocker timolol in eye...

The ocular side-effects of bisphosphonates have the potential to escalate with their widespread use. We report a patient of osteoporosis who was treated with zoledronic acid infusion. He developed ocular pain, redness, watering, photophobia and swelling of both the eyes. He was diagnosed with acute anterior uveitis and conjunctivitis and treated with topical 1% prednisolone acetate and 1% atrop...

(A) PRINCIPLES & STATISTICAL METHODS IN CLINICAL TRIALS CLINICAL TRIALS The drug characteristics are generally assessed through animal experiments or laboratory tests before they are recommended for use . But, however successful these experiments may turn to be ,the drug ultimately has to be tried on human beings to assess their efficacy as compared to the existing lines of treatment ,their sid...

We are interested in average changes in outcome y after a policy change. As in the case of the medical field, we are interested in the outcomes of a new medicine, including its effectiveness and its side effect. To do that, it is typical that we randomly divide patients into two groups, the treatment group, and the control group. The treatment group is given the medicine while the control group...

The Data Deluge and its digital enablers are a gargantuan phenomenon in science. There are many accompanying side effects. These range from the evaluations of scientific research and researchers to how we teach mathematics to children. This article takes a close look at these matters.

People judge that harmful side effects are intentional, e.g., a CEO who introduces a new program to increase profits that results in harm to the environment is judged to have intentionally harmed the environment. They judge helpful side effects are unintentional, e.g., a CEO who introduces a new program to increase profits that results in helping the environment is not judged to have intentiona...

Services are subject to constant change and variation. Services can evolve typically due to changes in structure, e.g., attributes and operations; in behavior and policies, e.g., adding new business rules and regulations, in types of business-related events; and in business protocols. This paper introduces two types of service changes: shallow changes where changes are confined to services or t...

The hospital experience can be disempowering and disorientating. Patients are deprived of sleep deprivation and exposed to constant noise, frequent interruptions, an unfamiliar environment filled with changing health professionals and ancillary staff, as well as medications often fraught with physical or psychoactive side-effects. These conditions often lead to discomfort and anxiety, and commo...