The impact of age and gender on Ochratoxin A (OTA) distribution in kidney and liver were studied. OTA was quantified in kidney and liver of young and mature rats of both sexes. Data was fit simultaneously using the population approach with NONMEM program. Fed and fasted mature males showed a 30% decrease and an 11% increase in relative bioavailability, respectively, in comparison with the rest ...

The effect of ochratoxin A (OA) on the body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion was investigated in broiler chicken fed dietary levels of OA at 0, 1, and 2 ppm for 28 days from hatch. Feeding OA significantly reduced the growth rate of broiler chicken. The reduction was observed from the first week onwards in OA-treated groups. Feed consumption and feed conversion also showed a diminishing...

AIMS To develop and validate a logistic regression model to predict the growth and ochratoxin A (OTA) production boundaries of two Aspergillus carbonarius isolates on a synthetic grape juice medium as a function of temperature and water activity (a(w)). METHODS AND RESULTS A full factorial design was followed between the factors considered. The a(w) levels assayed were 0.850, 0.880, 0.900, 0....

The linear logistical isobologram is a commonly used and powerful graphical and statistical tool for analyzing the combined effects of simple chemical mixtures. In this paper a nonlinear isobologram model is proposed to analyze the joint action of chemical mixtures for quantitative dose-response relationships. This nonlinear isobologram model incorporates two additional new parameters, Ymin and...

AIMS To determine incidence and levels of ochratoxin A (OTA) in California raisins and to isolate and characterize OTA-producing fungi from California raisin vineyard populations. METHODS AND RESULTS  Forty raisin clusters sampled from four California vineyards in the San Joaquin Valley were analysed for OTA content using immunoaffinity and HPLC methods. OTA was detected in 93% of the samples...

AIM To determine the presence and concentration of ochratoxin A in wheat and corn from Slavonski Brod surroundings, the area of endemic nephropathy allegedly caused by ochratoxin. METHODS Thin-layer chromatography was used to determine ochratoxin A concentrations in 92 wheat and 51 corn samples from the surroundings of Slavonski Brod, Osijek, Hrvatsko Zagorje, Istria, and Celje (Slovenia). ...

Aspergillus species are pollutants found in both food and air. The increase the metabolic activity of leads to spoilage foodstuffs large economic losses. In addition, some have ability produce aflatoxins ochratoxins, secondary metabolites called, namely, mycotoxins. Especially mycotoxins very important terms safety human health. Since protection animal health prevention losses is a issue, our s...

Mycotoxins are toxic complexes generated by various genera of filamentous fungi and pose severe public health hazards due to their carcinogenic mutagenic properties. Toxigenic produce mycotoxins on foodstuffs when favorable conditions for production exist. The most important mycotoxin-producing fungal Aspergillus, Fusarium Penicillium. major mycotoxin concern, including aflatoxins, trichothecen...

Ochratoxin A (OTA) has been shown to be a potent nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, and teratogenic compound. In farm animals, the intake of feed contaminated with OTA affects animal health and productivity, and may result in the presence of OTA in the animal products. Strategies for the control of OTA in food products require early identification and elimination of contaminated commodities from the foo...

In the rye silages (control and with additive) microbiota isolation identification (total count of bacteria, coliform enterococci, lactic acid bacteria microscopic filamentous fungi) occurrence mycotoxins were evaluated. Total on Plate agar at 30 °C for 48-72 hours, McConkey 37 24-48 enterococci Enterococcus selective De Man, Rogosa Sharpe agar, Mayeux, Sandine Elliker All Purpose TWEEN® hours ...