When structures that interconvert on a given time scale are lumped together, the corresponding free-energy surface becomes a function of the observation time. This view is equivalent to grouping structures that are connected by free-energy barriers below a certain threshold. We illustrate this time dependence for some benchmark systems, namely atomic clusters and alanine dipeptide, highlighting...

A simple variation of the standard biased competition model is shown, via some trivial mathematical manipulations, to be identical to predictive coding. Specifically, it is shown that a particular implementation of the biased competition model, in which nodes compete via inhibition that targets the inputs to a cortical region, is mathematically equivalent to the linear predictive coding model. ...

Careful observation reveals that the formant transition patterns in a particular VCV sequence vary according to subjects. It is the case in /a a/ uttered by French speakers. This variation can be explained by the realization of acoustically equivalent but differently articulated / / or /a/ segments and their combination. This paper reports an acoustic simulation experiment aiming at replicating...

We develop an observation that a simulation method introduced recently for heavy-tailed stochastic simulation, namely hazard-rate twisting, is equivalent to doing exponential twisting on a transformed version of the heavy-tailed random-variable; the transforming function is the hazard function. Using this approach, the paper develops efficient methods for computing portfolio value-at-risk (VAR)...

We report on the observation of Bloch oscillations in light transport through periodic dielectric systems. By introducing a linear refractive index gradient along the propagation direction the optical equivalent of a Wannier-Stark ladder was obtained. Bloch oscillations were observed as time-resolved oscillations in transmission, in direct analogy to electronic Bloch oscillations in conducting ...

This paper reports one of a series of experiments designed to test aspects of various gametheoretic models of bargaining. The results of this experiment consolidate those of prev:ous experiments, which are first reviewed. The principal new result of this experiment is the observation, under conditifyns of partial information, of systematic violations of the axiom of independence of equivalent u...

When the Fresnel–Kirchhoff (FK) diffraction integral is evaluated exactly (instead of using the Fresnel approximation), the well-known mathematical inconsistency in the FK boundary conditions leads to unacceptable results for the intensity of Poisson’s spot. The Rayleigh–Sommerfeld (RS) integral has no inconsistencies and leads to an accurate description. The case for RS is bolstered by the obs...

In this article, we study the supervisory control problem of networked discrete event systems with timing structure assuming bounded communication delays and intermittent loss observations. The between plant supervisor is through a network that can have several channels, so may change order observations by supervisor. We assume priori knowledge minimal activation time transitions maximum delays...

This study aimed to explain the valence of Malay verbs in Akit dialect Padang island, Regency Kepulauan Meranti. The method used was qualitative descriptive. data collected using equivalent and observation method. were oral interviews, observation, intuition methods. analysis split, deletion, substitution, expansion techniques. results explained informal showed that people on this island langua...

Three Rhesus monkeys were maintained at 200 FSW equivalent and tested on the reversal of a previously trained visual discrimination problem. All three monkeys displayed a higher percent of errors on this reversal problem than on another reversal problem tested on the surface. These data, supplemented by changes in the monkeys' post-response stimulus observation time, are interpreted as possible...