Information and communication technology (ICT) energy consumption have substantially increased use over the last decade. It has become one of essential aspects for improving standard life many people. This study investigates impact internet on carbon emissions (CO2 emissions) using annual data from 1990 to 2019. For this investigation, ADF PP unit root tests were applied with Zivot-Andrews stru...

We analyze the relationship between Antidumping (AD) Protection and the productivity of EU domestic firms in import-competing industries. For this purpose we identify a panel of domestic firms between 1993 and 2003 that at some point during this period are affected by AD initiations. Using a difference-in-difference approach, we find that AD measures result in improvements of measured productiv...

The role of human capital composition has been given importance in the most recent endogenous growth models. Assuming that primary as well as secondary education is more suitable for imitation and higher education is more appropriate for innovation, this paper empirically investigates whether the contribution of human capital to productivity growth depends on the composition of human capital an...

Many studies have shown that small firms generate more patents per R&D dollar than large firms. Does this mean that small firms are more efficient innovators than large firms? In this paper we exploit a unique data set to reexamine the firm size-innovation relationship. Because firm-reported R&D expenditures may be a biased measure of R&D activities due to underreporting by small firms, we use ...

This paper looks at the inclusion of excluded groups, notably the racial transformation of the South African university system. Both demand-side factors — are qualified black people hired as faculty? — and supply-side factors — are there enough qualified black people who can be hired as faculty? — need to be aligned. Prior evidence suggests that demand and supply both have both a psychological ...