This paper first improves Chen and Hsieh’s definition of generalized fuzzy numbers, which makes it the generalization of definition of fuzzy numbers. Secondly, in terms of the generalized fuzzy numbers set, we introduce two different kinds of orders and arithmetic operations and metrics based on the λ-cutting sets or generalized λ-cutting sets, so that the generalized fuzzy numbers are integrat...

In this paper the concept of (computational) verb number and arithmetical operations of verb numbers are presented. A verb number is a kind of special computational verb, which is derived from structures of (host) verb+(real, interval, fuzzy) number. From the linguistic point of view, a verb number is a computational verb with contexts defined by (real, interval, fuzzy) numbers. Verb numbers ca...

In the standard numerical anchoring paradigm, the influence of externally provided anchors on judgment is typically explained as a result of elaborate thinking (i.e., confirmatory hypothesis testing that selectively activates anchor-consistent information in memory). In contrast, theories of attitude change suggest that the same judgments can result from relatively thoughtful or non-thoughtful ...

For some time now, the evidence debate has been very active. Methods are valued in relation to their power to guarantee evidence. A scientific dichotomy is present: the one between qualitative and quantitative approaches, between linguistic and numeric methods. Quantitative approaches building on numeric methods are held more scientific per se. Qualitative approaches building on linguistic meth...

The paper begins with a short description of equipment available to students in the Department’s real-time course. This is followed by an overview of specific software packages for data and function visualization, numeric calculation, and symbolic manipulation. After a discussion of the structure of a typical data acquisition application and functions available within the mr real-time library, ...

The authors provide a didactic treatment of nonlinear (categorical) principal components analysis (PCA). This method is the nonlinear equivalent of standard PCA and reduces the observed variables to a number of uncorrelated principal components. The most important advantages of nonlinear over linear PCA are that it incorporates nominal and ordinal variables and that it can handle and discover n...

The Hilbert and Fourier transforms are tools used for signal analysis in the time/frequency domains. The Hilbert transform is applied to casual continuous signals. The majority of the practical signals are discrete signals and they are limited in time. It appeared therefore the need to create numeric algorithms for the Hilbert transform. Such an algorithm is a numeric operator, named the Discre...

Model sensitivity analysis variance reduction ( ) ( ), where ( ) ∑ ( )[ ( )] , ( ) ∑ ( )[ ( )] , ( ) ∑ ( ) , where is the numeric real value of state q, ( ) is the expected real value of Q before applying new findings, ( ) is the expected real value of Q after applying new findings f for variable F, and ( ) is the variance of the real value of Q before any new findings [0,infinity], the greater...