Recent discoveries have emphasized the role of the vestibular system in cognitive processes such as memory, spatial navigation and bodily self-consciousness. A precise understanding of the vestibular pathways involved is essential to understand the consequences of vestibular diseases for cognition, as well as develop therapeutic strategies to facilitate recovery. The knowledge of the "vestibula...

background: progeria syndrome is a very rare genetic disorder with an incidence of 1 in 8 million live births that is probably due to autosomal dominant mutation. clinical presentations show features of premature aging, growth failure, characteristic face, alopecia, loss of subcutaneous fat and stiffness of a joint that all become apparent during the 2nd year of life. the aim of this case repor...

293 words). 23 We used epifluorescence microscopy and a voltage sensitive dye, di-8-ANEPPS, to study 24 changes in membrane potential during hypercapnia with or without synaptic blockade in 25 chemosensory brainstem nuclei: the locus coeruleus (LC), the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), 26 lateral paragigantocellularis nucleus (PGCL), raphé pallidus and raphé obscurus, and in putative 27 non...

Recent anatomic and physiologic experiments revealed that a major afferent to the nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) is the nucleus paragigantocellularis (PGi) in the rostra1 ventrolateral medulla (Aston-Jones et al., 1988). In the present studies, responses of LC neurons to electrical activation of PGi were characterized in anesthetized rats. Low-intensity stimulation of PGi synaptically hctivated 7...

The Nucleus of the Solitary Tract (NTS) receives gustatory and visceral information from afferent fibers in the vagus and projects to the Nucleus Paragigantocellularis (PGi), among several other brain region. PGi sends excitatory fibers, mostly glutamatergic, to the Locus Coeruleus (LC). In turn, LC sends noradrenergic projections to many areas of the brain, including hippocampus (HIPP) and amy...

The neuroendocrine system regulates several organic functions such as reproduction, metabolism and adaptation to the environment. This system shows seasonal changes linked to the environment. The experimental model used in the present study was Lagostomus maximus maximus (viscacha). The reproduction of males of this species is photoperiod dependent. Twenty-four adult male viscachas were capture...

Davis et al. (1982) proposed a primary acoustic startle circuit in rats consisting of the auditory nerve, posteroventral cochlear nucleus, an area near the ventrolateral lemniscus (VLL), nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis (PnC), and spinal motoneurons. Using fiber-sparing lesions, the present study reevaluated these and other structures together with the role of neurons embedded in the auditor...