The Nonproliferation Review/Spring-Summer 1994 Dr. Steven E. Miller is Director of the International Security Program at the Center for Science and International Affairs of the JFK School of Government, Harvard University, and Editor-in-Chief of the journal International Security. In December 1991, U.S. Secretary of State James Baker visited Kiev to consult with the leaders of newly independent...

Prior to taking an academic position at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology at the rank of full professor I was the Assistant for Weapons Technology in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. In that job, it was my duty to identify technical issues that have policy implications in both Navy and National nuclear weapons programs. Because I supported the Chief in his role as a member o...

This case study describes activities from the Dutch Association for Medical Polemology (IPPNW- affiliate NVMP-Physicians Peace) 1969 onwards, focused primarily on recent strategies, employed by civil society, to influence policies regarding urgency of abolishing nuclear weapons due their unacceptable medical and humanitarian consequences. By itself together with other society organisations, NVM...

E. Anders Eriksson is a Senior Analyst with the Defence Research Establishment (FOA), Stockholm, Sweden, specializing in technology and innovation and their relationship to national security and other public goods. Dr. Eriksson has a Ph.D. in Operations Research from the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author, and do not represent the...

Kazakhstan’s nonproliferation initiatives are recognized worldwide. Kazakhstan is a party to almost all major nuclear treaties, key driver in the creation of Central Asian nuclear-weapon-free zone, initiated Universal Declaration on Building World Free Nuclear Weapons, established low-enriched uranium bank under auspices IAEA Ust-Kamenogorsk be used for peaceful purposes event disruption supply...

Differentiation is an epigenetic process which is installed by changes of transcriptional programs over successive cellular divisions. A number of studies have reported the effects of biochemical modifications of chromatin (DNA and chromatin proteins) on the regulation of transcription. Although, these studies are able to explain how transcription of a given gene is regulated (toward activation...

High Power Electromagnetic Pulse generation techniques and High Power Microwave technology have matured to the point where practical E-bombs (Electromagnetic bombs) are becoming technically feasible, with new applications in both Strategic and Tactical Information Warfare. The development of conventional E-bomb devices allows their use in non-nuclear confrontations. This paper discusses aspects...

In the coming decades, it is possible to start exporting fast reactors with a closed nuclear fuel cycle non-nuclear-weapon countries, which will require strengthening non-proliferation regime and increasing effectiveness of IAEA safeguards. This can be achieved both by creating technical barriers improving system accounting control materials ensuring their reliable physical protection. Using ex...

Russia recently invited the Palestinian organization Hamas to Moscow and, at the same time, is involved in negotiating with Iran regarding its nuclear program. These two recent developments, tied with Russia's recent use of its energy weapon Gazprom against Ukraine, makes clear that Russia is returning to the international arena. In light of these developments, does Russia's return as a major p...