The plausibility that life was imported to Earth from elsewhere can be tested by subjecting life-forms to space travel. Ultraviolet light is the major liability in short-term exposures (Horneck et al., 2001 ), and plant seeds, tardigrades, and lichens-but not microorganisms and their spores-are candidates for long-term survival (Anikeeva et al., 1990 ; Sancho et al., 2007 ; Jönsson et al., 2008...

Genetically modified (GM) food crops for desired traits have been approved in some of the countries. The approval status a GM event varies from country to country. In India, Bt cotton is only crop. So far, no crop has got regulatory country, which may be considered as unauthorized (UGM) Indian context. entry UGM events needs checked imported consignments well marketplace. present study, screeni...

The use of positive selectable marker genes is widespread in plant genetic transformation allowing transgenic cells to grow while repressing non-transgenic cells. Negative selectable markers, on the contrary, allow the repression or ablation of transgenic cells. The codA gene of Escherichia coli encodes cytosine deaminase that hydrolyzes 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) into the cytotoxic compound 5 flu...

Ramie is an economically important industrial fiber crop widely planted in China, India, and other Southeast Asian and Pacific Rim countries. It plays an important role in China's economy, where ramie farming, industry, and trade provide livelihood support to about five million people. However, poor fiber production resulting from leaf senescence and leaf abscission is a significant problem. In...

The deterioration of rice grain reduces the quality of rice, resulting in serious economic losses for farmers. Lipoxygenases (LOXs) catalyze the dioxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids with at least one cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene to form hydroperoxide, which is a major factor influencing seed longevity and viability. Recently, genome editing, an essential tool employed in reverse genetics, has...

The active uptake of extracellular DNA and its genomic integration is termed natural transformation and constitutes a major horizontal gene-transfer mechanism in prokaryotes. Chromosomal DNA transferred within a species can be integrated effectively by homologous recombination, whereas foreign DNA with low or no sequence homology would rely on illegitimate recombination events, which are rare. ...