Background: South America has the largest area of temperate forests in Southern Hemisphere, which grow diverse site conditions. The aim this paper is to review practices silviculture applied and recommended for these forests, discuss prospects develop new silvicultural proposals improve sustainability, adaptation in-situ conservation forest ecosystems. Methods: We reviewed knowledge four major ...

A sedimentological and palynological investigation was carried out on outcropping sedimentary rocks at Dogiyai, Papua, proposed to be named as the Mapia Formation. The age range is from Middle Miocene Pleistocene. lower Formation deposited Metroxylon type Nothofagus emarcida Zone, Early Pliocene. It comprised of three facies associations: tidal channel, point bar, flat deposits. tidally dominat...

Mountain beech (Nothofagus solandri var. solandri) trunk diameters were measured in each of two catchments, a control, and a stream catchment (a putative lahar path), to assess the vulnerability of a hut sited on the Wakapapaiti Stream, Tongariro National Park, to disturbance events. Beech forest margins were more abrupt, terraced, and were adjacent to rocky areas in the stream catchment, while...

The past geographical positions and climates of the high latitude Southern Hemisphere land masses (New Zealand and the southern parts of South America and Australia) arc crucial to an understanding of plant evolulion migrali.on the region. A review of the macrofossil record reveals nmny exanlpies of taxa which arc present as fossils on one ur of the!;e land masses but now occur elsewhere in the...

Kaka (Nestor meridionalis meridionalis) studied in Big Bush State Forest spent 35% of their feeding time digging out Ochrocydus huttoni larvae from live mountain beech trunks (Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides). Larvae of O. huttoni had a high energy value compared to that of other insects. The assimilation efficiency for energy of two captive kaka was 91 j: 3% when fed a diet of O. hut/o...

We report the first fossil pollen from South America of the lineage that includes the recently discovered, extremely rare Australian Wollemi Pine, Wollemia nobilis (Araucariaceae). The grains are from the late Paleocene to early middle Eocene Ligorio Márquez Formation of Santa Cruz, Patagonia, Argentina, and are assigned to Dilwynites, the fossil pollen type that closely resembles the pollen of...

Scattered small stands of Nothofagus truncata occur in the upper Taramakau catchment, Arthur's Pass National Park, beyond the previously assumed range of the species in north Westland. Restricted to older soils on stable north to north-west slopes, the N. truncata stands are surrounded by N. fusca dominated forest and their upper altitudinal limits at 370-500 m border N. fusca-N. menziesii or N...

An experimental tracer addition of (84)Sr to an unpolluted temperate forest site in southern Chile, as well as the natural variation of (87)Sr/(86)Sr within plants and soils, indicates that mechanisms in shallow soil organic horizons are of key importance for retaining and recycling atmospheric cation inputs at scales of decades or less. The dominant tree species Nothofagus nitida feeds nearly ...

Philodryas chamissonis, the Chilean long-tailed snake, is a diurnal predator mainly of Liolaemus lizards, but also of amphibians, birds, rodents and juvenile rabbits. Dromiciops gliroides (Colocolo opossum) is an arboreal marsupial endemic of temperate rainforest of southern South America. Little information is available about this marsupial's biology and ecology. Here we report the predation o...