the objective of this study is to derive a money demand function compatible with the islamic economic rules, i.e., prohibition of reba. this rule, evidently eliminates the loan market from the economy.therefore, we propose that the islamic financial markets could link the real and nominal sectors of the economy and provide the information needed by both the financial intermediaries and the cent...

A dynamic development of financial market is accompanied by the emergence of new products on stock exchanges which give absolutely new possibilities of investing money. Currently, the most innovative financial instruments offered to investors are exchange traded products (ETP). They can be defined as financial instruments whose price depends on the value of the underlying instrument. Thus, they...

The deadweight costs of financial distress limit many firms’ incentive to include a lot of (taxadvantaged) debt in their capital structures. It is therefore puzzling that firms do not make advance arrangements to re-capitalize themselves if large losses occur. Financial distress may be particularly important for large banking firms, which national supervisors are reluctant to let fail. The supe...

Using Rawls's theory of justice, this paper addresses the empirical question of whether the socially responsible market economy can help explain the current situation in financial freedom, as well as its recent variation across countries. Utilizing annual data from selected countries of Middle East, North Africa, Asia and Oceania, and static panel estimation techniques, we provide evidence whic...

Introduced in late-2007, SFAS 157 redefined existing accounting standards concerning fair value accounting and significantly impacted financial reporting for financial institutions. Prior studies, using larger samples of financial firms, have concluded that Level 3 fair values (the most opaque and subjective fair values) were heavily discounted by the market. Consistent with prior studies, this...